38 Air Monitoring Is your hand-held air mercury analyser accurate and reproducible?


Given their small size, industrial hand-held mercury hygiene monitors do not have the space or power required for a robust internal calibration source or other simple and fast accuracy assessment capability. With the introduction of the Tekran JITRbug, accuracy and performance of hand-held air mercury monitors can be accomplished in a simple fi ve-minute test just prior to daily use. Supervisors and industrial hygiene managers are now able to routinely document accuracy and performance, making certain workers are fully protected from toxic levels of mercury in air.


The JITRbug is a simple-to-operate continuous source of a precisely controlled mercury test gas of known concentration, traceable to a NIST standard. The mercury source fl ow and dilution air fl ow are precisely controlled by dual MFC’s, enabling the system to quickly switch between output Hg concentrations of 30 µg/m3, 50 µg/m3, and 100 µg/m3 (others optional).


This turn-key system with quick setup time and NIST traceable Hg gas source is easy to operate, with its password protected touch-screen controller The device enables rapid switching between output concentrations and features a dual front panel test ports for Hg test gas and scrubber exhaust. JITRbug is easily adjustable to user-specifi ed STP reporting conditions and includes a separate rotameter to assess hand-held instrument fl ow accuracy. Tekran also offer an optional shipping and carrying case for portability.


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Sniffi ng technologies in site-level monitoring


Smart technology enables odour mitigation at Paris waste to energy plant


A waste to energy (WtE) plant in northern Paris, known as the ‘L’étoile Verte’ or ‘Green Star’ waste recovery facility, which was originally built in an industrial area, is now surrounded by residential development. This has presented several challenges; not least of which is odour. ELLONA was therefore contracted to establish a smart, continuous odour and gas monitoring network, so that the sources of odour can be identifi ed, and improvement measures can be underpinned by scientifi c data.


Effi cient, large-scale, on-site methane sniffi ng has become possible through the miniaturisation of sensors and other related equipment. Smaller sizes have made it possible to use the technology in mobile measurement devices and to detect diffuse emissions using drones, cars, and handheld devices.


Permanently installed sniffers can monitor single valves or other risky spots. Mobile sniffers, i.e., classic analysers in which air samples are brought to a sensor, can be used across entire industrial sites or, for instance, oil rigs and gas transfer infrastructures, such as compressor sites and similar.


“Many companies have found drones very useful, especially for fulfi lling the requirements of OGMP 2.0 Level 5. In just a few hours, they acquire a map of airborne leaks across an entire site. This is essential, especially at large industrial sites.” Matti Irjala, CTO of Aeromon explains.


Another advantage of utilising lightweight sensor technologies with a drone is the real-time information and possibility of acute reaction to found anomalies.


Use drones correctly


Cleaning and combining data and analysing it using proper models is just as important as collecting it. For instance, data collected from drones must be combined with weather data.


In general, several rules must be followed when sniffi ng methane with drones. One is that samples must be taken when the wind will not interfere with the fl ow of chemicals in the air. Another one is that measurements must be taken only when the wind conditions remain stable for the whole duration of the measurements. Obviously, drone- collected data is always sampled outside of the turbulence caused by the drone.


There are also areas into which drones are not sent. In particular, drones may need to avoid potentially explosive atmospheres (ATEX).


In these cases, drone sniffi ng is performed outside the ATEX area. Alternatively, other measurement techniques that allow for collecting data pertaining to the ATEX area are used, Irjala notes.


Aeromon


As a specialist in drone gas leak detection, Aeromon has experience in OGMP 2.0 measuring and reporting. In addition to taking part in several global research projects, Aeromon has helped several clients in their efforts to minimise and report unintended emissions, while fi nding the most effective methods to detect leaks.


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“The ELLONA monitoring network was established for a number of reasons,” says Claire Bara, Syctom Director of Urban Ecology and Environmental Regulation. “Firstly, it was clear that we would need continuous monitoring to be able to identify odour events. Secondly, air quality monitoring alone would be insuffi cient because of the complexity involved with odour detection and perception. Thirdly, the identifi cation of peaks would enable us to correlate odours with specifi c processes and locations within the plant. So, by identifying the main sources of odour, we would be able to implement improvements that would also be monitored by the ELLONA network.


“Classical modelling tools would not be able to accommodate the complexities of the urban environment, so one of the main aims of the tool was to be able to identify every odour source – both on-site and in the surrounding neighbourhood,” Claire explains.


Importantly, ELLONA worked in partnership with the high-performance computing and modelling company NUMTECH to model the complex air fl ows that take place in the plant and in the surrounding urban environment.


Each of the nineteen ELLONA monitors (WT1) at Green Star features a comprehensive array of sensors measuring temperature, humidity, pressure, hydrogen sulphide, ammonia and VOCs. Other important variables are wind speed and direction, which have obvious effects on odours.


The WT1 units store measurements internally, but the data are also transferred to the Cloud every 10 seconds for processing. Data from the physical sensors and from the virtual sensors (created from the physical sensors’ data and mathematical models) provide information on air quality, odour identity, intensity and duration. The measurements and the derived odour information are provided in real-time to Syctom via a dedicated website, which also provides the ability to view historical data.


Looking forward, odour nuisance will be reduced further by implementing and assessing mitigation measures. The constituents of household waste may change, but with the monitoring system in place, Syctom will be able to respond appropriately to any variations in odour generation.


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