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Chelsea Elizabeth Muennichow et al
Table 1. Patient Profiles: Bloodstream Infections, Length of Hospital Stay, and Hospital Cost from April 2015 to March 2016 LOS,
Cause of BSI
Gram-negative bacilli
Gram-positive cocci
Candida spp
No. of BSIs
No. of Patients
113 69 53 43 2 2
Neutrophil Count During BSI, median cells/µL (range)
median d (range)
33 (0–50,730) 22 (3–55) 136 (4–23,700) 23 (5–47) 220 (30–410) 32 (12–51)
ICU Admission, no./total (%)
23/69 (33.3) 8/43 (18.6) 0/2 (0) NOTE. BSI, bloodstream infection; LOS, length of hospital stay; ICU, intensive care unit; Rs, rupees. The infection prevention and control measures introduced in
our hospital to mitigate the problem of infection in patients with acute leukemia have included numerous interventions: (1) sur- veillance culture for detection of MDR bacteria in stool samples and throat swabs, (2) use of direct susceptibility tests on positive blood cultures for early detection of resistant organisms, (3) use of polymerase chain reaction–based rapid detection of carbapenem- resistant genes, (4) early empirical therapy with polymyxin based treatment regimens in those previously infected or colonized with carbapenem-resistant multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB), and (5) accreditation of our infection control sys- tems (NABH Safe I: National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare providers). Cost of health care, length of hospital stay, and deaths from infections are affected by many factors, such as human resources, technology, clinical care strategies, which we wish to explore in future controlled studies.
Acknowledgments. We would like to thank the Tata Medical Center Trust, India, for supporting the Tata Social Internship program.
Financial support. No external financial support was provided relevant to this article.
Potential conflicts of interest. All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article.
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All-Cause (Crude) Mortality at Day 30 from BSI, no./total (%)
14/69 (20.3) 7/43 (16.3) 0 (0)
Attributable Mortality at Day 30 from BSI, no./total (%)
11/69 (15.9) 1/43 (2.3) 0/2 (0)
Total Hospital Bill During the Admission Episode, median cost (range)
US$4,945 (267–62,910) Rs. 321,433 (17,358– 408,918)
US$4,163 (367–42,317) Rs. 270,607 (23,870– 2,750,653)
US$12,232 (4,116–20,349) Rs. 795,134 (267,560– 1,322,708)
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