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Carmichael’s Concise Review


is a classical model in plant gravitropism studies. Bérut et al. laid a light microscope on its side so that the stage was oriented in the vertical plane. Sections of coleoptiles were placed vertically on the stage which could be rotated. At low magnifi cation, groups of statoliths were seen to sediment at the bottom of cells aſt er several minutes at rest ( Figure 1 , leſt ). Higher magnifi - cation revealed that a single cell contained groups of a few tens of statoliths (about 4.5 μ m in diameter) in a pile at the bottom of the statocyte ( Figure 1 , right). T eir data showed that the statoliths moved and responded to the slighted inclination of the piles. T is is characteristic of a liquid, not a pile of particles. T is uncharacteristic behavior could be explained by one of two mechanisms: a physical one involving Brownian motion, or a physiological one involving the cytoskeleton. Using an in vitro system, Bérut et al. determined that Brownian motion would be eff ective only at a much higher temperature than normally occurs in plants. A better explanation appears to be physiological agitation, apparently by the actin-myosin network dynamics that “unlock” statoliths, allowing them to respond to any inclination. Future studies with agents or mutants that perturb the cytoskeleton could precisely explain this vital physiological process.


References [1] A Bérut et al ., PNAS Latest Articles, 2018, www.pnas.org/ doi/10.1073/pnas.1801895115 .


[2] T e author gratefully acknowledges Dr. Yoël Forterre for reviewing this article.


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