2.1.1 In 1887, the big mining companies joined together to form a union of mining companies, called the Chamber of Mines. ü This gave them greater power because they could make decisions about how the mines would work. ü In this way they could make sure that the mining companies became more powerful and rich. ü For example, they could all agree to pay the same wages, ü and to treat their workers in the same way. ü This stopped competition between them. ü They no longer had to offer higher wages or better working conditions to get workers, because it was the same on all the mines.ü (Any six)
2.1.2 Indigenous people were not willing to work on the mines for low wages; ü they would rather work for themselves ü on their own farmland. ü
2.1.3 The Pedi wanted to get money ü to buy farming implements ü as well as guns to defend themselves. ü
2.1.4 Many Pedi men worked as migrant workers on the diamond mines and bought guns. ü The Pedi built up a strong army of 15 000 men who were armed with modern rifles. ü The Boer farmers in the area feared the strength of the Pedi kingdom. ü When gold was discovered at Pilgrims Rest nearby, many Boers believed that there were rich gold deposits in the Pedi kingdom as well. ü But the Pedi leader, Sekhukhune would not allow prospectors to look for gold in his kingdom. ü When Boer forces attacked the Pedi, they were able to resist and the Boers had to withdraw. ü The British also wanted to defeat the Pedi. In 1879 they sent a large army to attack them but the Pedi put up a fierce resistance. ü The British managed to defeat them with the help of 8000 Swazi troops. ü The independence of the Pedi kingdom was over. ü (Any eight)
2.2.1 The British Colonial governments imposed taxes on the Zulu people knowing that they were not part of a money orientated economy system. Africans were forced to work in the mines to earn wages to pay the taxes and this ensured a steady supply and work force to the mines.
(6) (3) (3)
(8)
(3) [23] Total: 50 marks
175
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