Strand 3 Energy and change ............................................................................................ 103


Topic 1 Static electricity Unit 1 Friction and static electricity ............................................................................................104


Topic 2 Energy transfer in electrical systems Unit 1 Circuits and current electricity .........................................................................................106 Unit 2 Components of a circuit ...................................................................................................108 Unit 3 Effects of an electric current .............................................................................................112


Topic 3 Series and parallel circuits Unit 1 Series circuits and parallel circuits ....................................................................................118 Unit 2 Output devices in complex circuits ..................................................................................124 Unit 3 History of electricity and careers in electricity.................................................................126


Topic 4 Visible light Unit 1 Radiation of light ..............................................................................................................130 Unit 2 The visible spectrum .........................................................................................................134 Unit 3 Opaque and transparent substances ................................................................................138 Unit 4 Absorption and reflection of light ....................................................................................141 Unit 5 Seeing light .......................................................................................................................146 Unit 6 Refraction of light .............................................................................................................148 Unit 7 Careers in optics, physics and fibre optics ......................................................................155


Strand 3 Summary .......................................................................................................................157 Strand 3 Exemplar test .................................................................................................................158


Strand 4 Planet Earth and beyond ................................................................................. 161


Topic 1 The solar system Unit 1 The Sun .............................................................................................................................162 Unit 2 Objects around the Sun ....................................................................................................164 Unit 3 Earth’s position in the solar system .................................................................................170


Topic 2 Beyond the solar system Unit 1 The Milky Way galaxy ......................................................................................................172 Unit 2 Our nearest star ...............................................................................................................176 Unit 3 Light years, light hours and light minutes .......................................................................178 Unit 4 Beyond the Milky Way galaxy ..........................................................................................180


Topic 3 Looking into space Unit 1 Early viewing of space ......................................................................................................182 Unit 2 Telescopes .........................................................................................................................186


Strand 4 Summary .......................................................................................................................192 Strand 4 Revision .........................................................................................................................193


Exemplar end-of-year exam ......................................................................................................195 Glossary .......................................................................................................................................198


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