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COUNTRY LIFE IN BC • JULY 2018
Experts weigh in on future of raspberry cultivars Root rot resistance and machine harvestability key for raspberries
by RONDA PAYNE ABBOTSFORD – A machine-
harvestable berry that’s resistant to root rot is the Holy Grail for raspberry breeders in the Pacific Northwest, according to speakers at the Pacific Agriculture Show in Abbotsford earlier this year. Pat Moore, a research
professor in the horticulture department of Washington State University in Puyallup, focused his comments on WSU 2166, a new variety recently recommended for release as Cascade Premier. “It has good root rot
resistance,” Moore said. “It’s an early selection that would have the same [harvest timing] as Willamette.” Other features of the
variety are large firm fruit, better root rot resistance than
Meeker or Cascade Harvest, and a firmer berry than either of those varieties or Willamette. Overall, raspberry plant
sales are down, he noted. “It’s gone up and down
over the years, but last year was down,” noted Moore. “For total plant sales [the top seller] is Meeker; Wakefield is second. In Oregon, [the top seller] is Cascade Harvest.” Cascade Harvest was
released in 2014 and Moore said it machine-harvests well and is good as a fresh market berry. Two other varieties remain
on Moore’s radar: WSU 2068 and WSU 2069. Both had high yields, good fruit quality and are suitable for machine- harvesting.
BC plant scientist and
researcher Michael Dossett discussed his work, half of
which focuses on raspberries, 40% on blueberries and 10% on strawberries. Similar to Moore, his work
currently revolves around machine-harvestability and root rot resistance. Dossett said that selections planted in 2014 and 2015 were examined for the second time in 2017. There were only three BC selections that had yields higher than Meeker. Two of these, BC 9-22-11 and BC 9-11-55, both looked good, but the shape of the berries raised the question as to whether they would be too soft. "My only concern with those [varieties] is if they will be firm enough," he explained. "They have kind of a wide opening." Both varieties are round- shaped and result in a wide opening which can often be an indicator of a softer berry. Additionally they both have a later harvest timing, which goes against what growers are after. Cascade Premier and WSU
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2188 were both in the top 10 for yield and had excellent berry quality. Dossett added that BC 10-84-42 had a higher yield than Chemainus but he wants another year of trial
data to be sure. The downside of the BC variety is that it
picks when it is dead ripe so would need special care when it comes to harvesting to prevent over-ripeness, mushy berries and pests.
This is similar to BC 10-84-9 which Dossett described as a “beautiful, beautiful berry, it’s five grams.” He noted it could work on two day interval picking.
Another variety, BC 10-84-
10, grows “like a beast,” with a firm berry that harvests earlier than Meeker.
BC 10-71-27 delivers an early but light-coloured berry that Dossett feels may be best as a fresh market variety due to the colour.
BC 96-38R-31 is one-
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quarter wild, with a
dark berry, but Dossett is concerned with its firmness. The one yellow raspberry in which Dossett sees potential is BC 14106.9. “There’s something here for
everyone,” Dossett explained. “A lot of these evaluations are over a two-year period.”
Oregon varieties promising
Chad Finn, a research geneticist with the US Department of Agriculture in Corvallis, Oregon, noted that some varieties from Oregon show promise in BC. The first variety he
mentioned was ORUS 4373, which he described as having good flavour and quality. It’s undergoing cleanup prior to release to nurseries. “Some things are looking
good for machine- harvestability and yield,” he said, noting ORUS 4607-2 as a possibility. Finn described Kokanee as being an excellent eating berry and very firm. ORUS 4291-1 and ORUS 4487-1 harvest early and exhibit primocane fruiting. Both have a parent or grandparent from a heritage variety but aren’t related. Of the two, ORUS 4487-1 delivers very good yields and very good quality. Finn hoped these cultivars would be available in 2018. While there are good things happening in the breeding program, Oregon berry fields saw challenges in 2017. “We were surprised by rose
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stem girdler this year. Be aware of it. All of a sudden, the top third of the cane drops and dies,” Finn said. “We don’t know if this thing is going to be a problem but it’s insidious. As a result, we didn’t harvest most of our primocane fruit this year.” Researchers note that getting new raspberry cultivars to market is a long process, but trials give growers the ability to test varieties and see if it’s worth the wait or if they should instead grab hold of a newly released variety when replanting.
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