Smoke production and toxicity


There are two test methods detailed in EN 45545­2 that can be used for determining the toxic composition of gases and fumes generated by the combustion of specified railway products. These two methods, EN ISO 5659­2 and NF X70­100­1 are described as follows:


EN ISO 5659­2 Smoke Density Chamber with FTIR Toxicity Test Apparatus


This method consists of a smoke density chamber as described in EN ISO 5659­2 and an FTIR toxicity test and sampling system. The two instruments dedicated respectively to the analysis of the opacity of the smoke and to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of gases emitted during the test, are capable of operating simultaneously as well as independently using two specific procedures for the acquisition of FTIR spectra and smoke opacity.


, in a closed chamber, with or without the use of a pilot flame. The FTT smoke density chamber has been designed specifically to incorporate the ISO 5659 Conical Radiant Furnace. This


14


The NBS Smoke Density Chamber (SDC) has been established for many years and is used widely in all industrial sectors for the determination of smoke generated by solid materials and assemblies mounted in the vertical position with a closed chamber. It measures the specific optical density of smoke generated by materials, when an essentially flat specimen, approximately 25mm thick, is exposed vertically to a heat source of 25kW/m2


extends the potential of the SDC by allowing testing at heat fluxes up to 50kW/m2


control of the test procedure on the SDC.


, horizontal orientation of the


specimen and the measurement of mass loss rate of the specimen.


Features of the FTT NBS Smoke Density Chamber include: • Test chamber with full width opening door, allowing easy access for sample loading and chamber cleaning.


• Photomultiplier control unit with all manual controls and digital display of optical density and relative intensity. Computer setting for use with FTT software to perform automatic


• Controls are mounted beside chamber for convenient operation. They are not obstructed when the door is open.


• Smoke density and temperature are on digital displays, for easier use and greater accuracy.


• Chamber walls are pre­heated for easier start­up and convenient equipment operation.


• Safety blow­out panel, easily replaceable, allows for safe operation of test method.


Table 8: Reference concentrations of the gas components according to ISO 19702 Gas component


CO2 CO


HBr HCl


HCN HF


NOx SO2


Reference concentration (mg/m3 72,000 1,380 99 75 55 25 38


262


)


EN 45545-2:2013 – NEW F I R E C LASSIFICATIONS AND FIRE TES T METHODS FOR THE EUROPEAN RAILWAY INDUSTRY


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