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return to its initial state, at 177.2 (plus or minus 9.3) gigapas- cals. Graphene is more than fi ve times as elastic. They attributed the large variation to pre-existing fl aws of between 3.6 and 77.5 nanometers. Its fracture strength, the amount
of stretching a material can handle before breaking, was measured at 4.8 (plus or minus 2.9) gigapascals. Graphene is nearly 25 times stronger.
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“The important message of this work is the brittle nature of these materials,” Lou said. “A lot of peo- ple are thinking about using 2D crystals because they’re inherently thin. They’re thinking about fl exible electronics because they are semiconductors and their theoretical elastic strain should be very high. According to our calculations, they can be stretched up to 10%. But in reality, because of the inherent de- fects, you rarely can achieve that much strain. The samples we have tested so far broke at 2-3% [of the theoretical maximum] at most,” Lou said. “That should still be fi ne for most fl exible ap- plications, but unless they fi nd a way to quench the defects, it will be very hard to achieve the theoretical limits.” Co-authors of the paper include Rice graduate students Emily Hacopian, Weibing Chen, Jing Zhang and Bo Li, alumna Yongji Gong and Pulickel Ajayan, chair of Rice’s Department of Materi- als Science and NanoEngineering, the Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor in Engineering and a professor of chemistry; Xing Li of Rice and Peking University, China; Minru Wen of Tsinghua University, China, and the Georgia Institute of Technology; Wu Zhou of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The research was supported by the
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38
AdvancedManufacturing.org | January 2017
Air Force Offi ce of Scientifi c Research, the Welch Foundation, the Department of Energy Offi ce of Basic Energy Sciences, the National Science Foundation and the National Science Foundation of China.
Tech Front welcomes your manufacturing research-related news releases: Please email them to Tech Front editor Patrick Waurzyniak at
pwaurzyniak@sme.org.
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