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overview


course defense contracts from the home military. Before the current Airbus/Boeing duopoly, the jetliner business included McDonnell Douglas, Lockheed, and numerous earlier players such as Convair. Ultimately, the smaller participants saw the advantage in being part of something larger, or of exiting the market. The regional aircraft market provides a more extreme example of these trends. Looking back ten years, there were eight manufacturers. Only three survive today. This market grew at a healthy pace in the 1990s, yet pricing stayed quite soft. Of the others, BAE Systems and Saab decided to exit the market. In fact, BAE completely exited the civil aircraft business when it sold its business jet unit and its 20% share in Airbus. Beech/Raytheon (now Hawker Beechcraft) exited and focused on business jets. Fairchild Dornier and Fokker went bankrupt. The fi rst of these ceased to exist in any form. Despite this collapse in regional market participants, three new players are seeking to enter the market. Russia’s United Aircraft Corporation wants to build its SuperJet. China’s AVIC/COMAC wants to build its ARJ21 and C919. Japan’s Mitsubishi wants to build its MRJ. But even these relatively


established aircraft industry manufacturers face an uphill battle breaking into a new market. All three want to build a 70/90-seat regional jet, just as the market for jets in this class looks set to hit a plateau. This situation isn’t very different from the 1980s and 1990s, when numerous players tried to break into the turbo- prop market, which seemed to offer boundless, long-term growth before it collapsed in the mid-1990s. In addition to the players mentioned above, other companies such as Indone- sia’s IPTN and Spain’s CASA tried and failed to break into the regional turboprop business. The industrial layout for Hamburg, Germany’s fourth


A320 fi nal assembly line is now frozen, marking a signifi cant milestone for the A320 Family’s production ramp-up. The new A320 production line comprises seven stations featuring technical innovations including mobile platforms for position- ing fuselage sections and wings and transporting them to the next station. The electrically powered platforms are fully automated and allow for a fl exible hangar layout. Among the novel technologies are laser measuring instruments for faster and more precise alignment of the sections and wings, and


Airbus Hamburg facilities, aerial view.


22 — Aerospace & Defense Manufacturing 2016


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