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Qualifications and education in Wales


The Welsh education system has many similarities to the English system, but there are some important differences. We explore the new developments currently underway in Wales.


he Welsh and English education systems have continued to diverge over the past decade. Wales is currently developing a new National Curriculum designed to place more emphasis on health and wellbeing. This is set to be available to schools in September 2018 and fully rolled out by 2021.


T The Foundation Phase covers children from the age


of three until the end of Year 2. It is often regarded as the one area that most separates Wales from England. Specific areas of learning include personal and social development, wellbeing and cultural diversity; language, literacy and communication skills; mathematical development; Welsh language development; knowledge and understanding of the world; physical development; and creative development. Currently, Key Stage 2 covers children in Years 3–6, Key Stage 3 covers children in Years 7–9 and Key Stage 4 is for children in Years 10 and 11. However, as part of the new curriculum, key stages are being replaced with ‘progression steps’, which are said to provide reference points for pupils according to their needs. This means that there will no longer be any formal testing at the end of each stage, and that each progression step will be more informal and will more broadly relate to expectations at the ages of five, eight, 11, 14 and 16. The system has been designed to recognise the fact that pupils develop at different rates.


The curriculum will be organised into six areas of learning and experience: expressive arts; health and wellbeing; humanities; languages, literacy and communication; maths and numeracy; and science and technology.


The school years follow the same pattern as in England: reception, then Years 1–6 at primary school and Years 7–11 (or Years 7–13) at secondary school. As in England, children start reception in the September before their fifth birthday. Pupils in Wales can leave school on the last Friday in June, as long as they will be 16 by the end of the summer holidays. The school year runs from the start of September until the third week of July.


Children take National Reading and Numeracy Tests every year from Year 2 to Year 9. Statutory teacher assessments take place at the end of Key Stage 2 and Key Stage 3, as in England, but students do not take Key Stage 2 National Curriculum Tests (also know as SATs).


Schools are inspected by Estyn, the education and training inspectorate for Wales, at least every six years, looking at performance and prospects for improvement. They are awarded a score from 1 (outstanding) to 5 (poor).


WELSH LANGUAGE Welsh is taught as part of the curriculum in all schools up to the age of 16; however, it is not compulsory for pupils to take Welsh at GCSE.


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