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UNITED KINGDOM ...The education system in England Following the recent changes, policies and regulations are


no longer aligned in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, so examination boards cannot offer the same qualifications in all three countries. See our Guide to Education & Schools in the UK for details.


INTERNATIONAL GCSE


The International GCSE (IGCSE) is an internationally recognised qualification at the same level as the GCSE. It is intended to take a broader approach to learning. According to the University of Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) examining board, which is the main awarding body of the IGCSE to UK schools, the qualification “encourages learner-centred and enquiry-based approaches to learning, and develops learners’ skills in creative thinking, enquiry and problem-solving, giving learners excellent preparation for the next stage in their education”.


Schools can offer any combination of subjects, each of which is certificated separately. Over 70 subjects are available, including more than 30 language courses, offering a variety of routes for learners of different abilities, including those whose first language is not English. The CIE has redeveloped its IGCSEs in English language,


English literature and mathematics to reflect the GCSE reforms, and will change its grading system from letters to numbers. Over the next few years, it will also be providing a 9–1 grading option for certain existing A*–G IGCSE syllabuses.


AS AND A LEVEL AS and A Levels are studied in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Scotland operates an independent system of Higher qualifications. There are currently around 80 AS and A Level subjects. Students can select from a wide range of academic subjects, as well as some ‘applied’ (work-related) subjects. Generally, students progress to AS and A Levels in the academic year following their GCSE results, but these qualifications can be taken at any age.


AS Levels generally take one year to complete, and A Levels are studied across two years. Both qualifications focus on traditional study skills and are generally studied full time at school or a higher-education college, but they are also available part time. To study AS and/or A Levels, pupils usually need to have studied their chosen subjects at GCSE or IGCSE. Schools normally expect pupils to have achieved five GCSEs at grades A*–C, with at least a B grade in their chosen subjects. AS and A Levels are graded A*–E. The A* was introduced in 2008 to differentiate the highest-performing students from


174 | relocateglobal.com | Keep Informed


other A-grade candidates. Exams are taken in May/June, and the results are published in August.


CHANGES TO AS LEVELS New AS and A Levels were introduced in September 2015. The two qualifications have been decoupled in England, so that AS Level results no longer count towards an A Level and the AS Level is a standalone qualification. In Wales and Northern Ireland, AS Levels remain part of the A Level and contribute to the final A Level result. Since England’s decoupling of AS Levels and A Levels,


the number of pupils taking AS Levels has fallen by 14 per cent, as more students have chosen to study for their A Levels over a two-year period. This means that it is becoming increasingly difficult for universities to use the AS Level results as a guide to offering places.


According to the Department for Education (DfE), the decoupling is designed so that schools and colleges can co-teach the AS with the A Level, which means that lessons may include a mix of students taking the AS and A Level in a given subject. A further advantage is that students are not interrupted halfway through their A Level course to revise and take their AS Level examinations. However, whether students take AS Levels or not largely depends on which curriculum their school or college chooses to follow. Many schools are choosing to continue offering the AS Level exam, even though it has become a standalone qualification.


INTERNATIONAL AS AND A LEVEL The Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) board,


aligned with the University of Cambridge, offers international AS and A Levels. It is the main body to offer the international qualification in England. Like


the AS and A Level, the CIE’s international


qualification is aimed at students between the ages of 16 and 19. It is currently studied by around 175,000 learners in over 130 countries. Thousands of CIE students have gone on to gain places at leading universities in countries around the world, including the UK, the US, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. Schools can offer a choice of 55 subjects, in almost any combination. Says the CIE, “This flexibility means schools can build an individualised curriculum, and learners can choose to specialise in a particular subject area or study a range of subjects.” The International AS Level is typically a one-year course and the International A Level a two-year course. Some subjects can be started at AS Level and extended to A Level. The AS Level is graded A–E and the A Level A*–E.


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