ENERGY
climatised air from the central duct is used. The energy consumption this involves was not registered. Another noticeable fact is that the energy consumption of the steam humidification is negligibly low, as steam humidification is occasionally used on farm 1 only. The other four farms have steam humidification, but do not use it in principle.
Conversion to MJ primary energy In order to compare the energy need per growing room as a single figure, the electricity and gas were converted further to primary energy. A conversion factor of 9 was applied to electricity to convert the kWh-e to MJ, while a conversion factor of 35.17 was used to convert m3 gas to MJ. These conversion factors are also applied in the annual Energy Monitor for the Dutch Mushroom Sector. In table 3 a conversion to MJ of primary energy has been made and to the percentage that is required for each component of the climate unit (see also pie charts 3 and 4). If we examine the average of all the farms the total primary energy consumption is 14.107 MJ per cropping cycle/100 m2
. Of this, gas accounts for 8.308 MJ /
59 % and electricity for 5.798 MJ / 41 %. Conclusions
Despite the previously mentioned problems with the measuring data, the average results of all the 31 cycles clearly indicate that there are three major consumers of energy (cook out, heating, cooling) and three minor consumers (fan, lighting, steam humidification): • Cook out uses 130 m3 cycle/100 m2
gas per cropping or 55 % of the total gas consump- tion and 33 % of the total primary energy.
• Cooling uses 477 kWh electricity per cropping cycle/100 m2
or 74 % of the total electricity
consumption and 30 % of the total primary energy.
• Heating uses 106 m3 gas per cropping cycle/100 m2
or 45 % of the total gas consump- tion and 26 % of the total primary energy.
• Ventilation uses 116 kWh electricity per cropping cycle/100 m2
or 18 % of the total
electricity consumption and 7 % of the total primary energy.
• Lighting in the room uses 52 kWh electricity per cropping cycle/100 m2
or 8 % of the total
electricity consumption and 3 % of the total primary energy.
• Steam humidification uses in this case a negligible amount of energy as on four of the five farms, steam humidification is not used in principle.
Recommendations Concerning ways of saving energy, growers should chiefly concentrate on the three ‘major consumers’, although there are also opportuni- ties to reduce energy use of the three ‘minor consumers’. The following suggestions can be considered or recommended: • Cook out: in as far as the risk of infection permits, limit cook out (empty, shorter duration e.g. six hours and a lower tempera- ture e.g. 65 °C). Gains can also effectively be made by waiting for a few hours before starting to cool down. Setting a lower fan position (e.g. 10 % higher than the setting for pinheading) will also save energy. In addition, particularly if the steam boiler is in continual use, instal- ling a flue gas condenser will also show quick returns.
• Cooling or heating can be optimised separately by choosing energy efficient cooling systems and heating boilers where possible. It is also
Energy fl ows in MJ per cropping cycle/100 m2 Average farm 1 per cropping cycle/100 m2 Average farm 2 per cropping cycle/100 m2 Average farm 3 per cropping cycle/100 m2 Average farm 4* per cropping cycle/100 m2 Average farm 5 per cropping cycle/100 m2 Average all farms per cropping cycle/100 m2
Energy fl ows in % of MJ per cropping cycle/100 m2 Average farm 1 per cropping cycle/100 m2 Average farm 2 per cropping cycle/100 m2 Average farm 3 per cropping cycle/100 m2 Average farm 4* per cropping cycle/100 m2 Average farm 5 per cropping cycle/100 m2 Average all farms per cropping cycle/100 m2
Table 3 16 MUSHROOM BUSINESS
1.098 901 852 909
1.449 1.042
10%
111 4.684 4.841
90
326 4.426 3.452 4.629 658 4.124 4.028 5.026 812 1.856
2.113 4.930
428 6.356 4.129 8.270 467 4.289 3.713 4.589
1% 43% 45%
34 5.894 4.965 10.859 - 5.653 8.081 13.734 - 5.635 9.054 14.688 - 3.577 7.043 10.620 - 8.233 12.400 20.633 7 5.798 8.308 14.107
1% 0% 54% 46% 100%
7% 2% 32% 25% 34% 0% 41% 59% 100% 6% 4% 28% 27% 34% 0% 38% 62% 100% 9% 8% 17% 20% 46% 0% 34% 66% 100% 7% 2% 31% 20% 40% 0% 40% 60% 100% 7% 3% 30% 26% 33% 0% 41% 59% 100%
Fan MJ
Lighting MJ
Cooling MJ
Heating MJ
Cook out MJ
Steam humidifi cation MJ
Total MJ electricity
Total MJ gas
Total MJ
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