3-fatty acids in 13 autistic children with severe tantrums, aggression or self-injurious behavior; advantage of omega-3 fatty acids compared with placebo for hyperactivity and stereotypy (Amminger GP. Feb 2007 Biol Psychiatry;61(4):551-3). • Pure EPA effective for depression and schizophrenia; Combination of EPA and DHA better for ADHD (Richardson AJ. 2006 Int Rev Psychiatry;18(2):155-172).
Pycnogenol:
• Improvement in attention, EEG studies, handwriting, and academic success; it is also an antioxidant and can help with inflamma- tion, immune support, and allergies. • (Greenblatt, et al. Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry;38(10):1209-1210). • (Liu, et al. 1998 Cell Mol Life Sci;54(10):1168-1172). • (Liu, et al. 2000 Biol Pharm Bull;23(6):735-737). • (Rohdewald P. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther;40(4):158-168).
B6:
• Improved behaviors of some children with ADHD, compared to methylpheni- date (Coleman, et al. 1979 Biol Psychia- try;14:741-751).
Zinc:
• Often low in ADHD (Bekaro- glu, et al. 1996 J Child Psychol Psychia- try;37:225-227). • Low zinc may predict poor response to amphetamine treatment in ADHD (Arnold, et al. 1990 Int J Neurosci;50:103-107).
Other:
• AD-FX (combination of American Ginseng and Ginko Bilboa) – study with 36 ADHD patients, ages 3 to 17; 4-week study; 44% social improvements and 74% improve- ments in Conners’ ADHD index and hyper- active/impulsive behaviors (Lyon, et al. 2001 J Psychiatry Neurosci;26(3):221-228).
Environment And Toxins:
Toxic load due to chemicals, toxic met- als, and allergens can cause oxidative stress, increased burden on the immune system, and behavioral and cognitive changes. Infec- tions, trauma/injury, stress, and poor diet can all further increase oxidative stress. Many chemicals and metals are rec- ognized causes of neurodevelopmental disorders and subclinical brain dysfunction. Exposure during early fetal development can trigger brain injury at doses much lower than those affecting adult brain function. The information below highlights the importance of exploring causes of oxidative stress as contributing factors in ADHD.
• Children exposed to higher chlorpyrifos levels were more likely to experience Psy- chomotor Development Index and Mental Development Index Delays, attention prob- lems, ADHD, and pervasive developmental disorder problems at 3 years of age (Rauh, et al. 2006 Pediatrics’118;e1845-1859). • Prenatal environmental tobacco smoke
is a risk factor for ADHD (Braun JM, et al. Dec 2006 Environ Health Proj- ect;114(12):1904-1909).
• Dose-response relationship between childhood lead exposure and ADHD (Braun JM, et al. Dec 2006 Environ Health Proj- ect;114(12):1904-1909). • In Texas report – on average, for each 1000 lbs of environmentally released mercury, there was a 43% increase in the rate of spe- cial education services and a 61% increase in the rate of Autsim (Palmer, et al. Helath & Place 12; 2006:203-209). • Case report – 4 ½ year-old boy with ADHD and Autism; increased blood lead level; treated with succimer and repetitive behavior and hyperactivity stopped; regres- sion when succimer stopped (Eppright, et al. 1996 Mo Med;93(3):136-8). • Environmental lead exposure in children who have maximal blood lead < 7.5 μg/ dl is associated with intellectual deficits (Lanphear BP, et al. 2005 Environ Health Perspect;113(7). • Pollen exposure is a cause of regression in neurobehavioral function in children with Autism and ADHD (Boris MJ, et al. 2004 J of Nutritional and Environmental Medi- cine;14(1):47-54). • Three German studies suggest a strong association between atopic dermatitis and ADHD – one (by Schmitt, et al) reported a 2.67-fold increased likelihood of ADHD in those with atopic dermatitis and parent- reported sleep problems (article by Bruce Jancin in Internal Medicine News; studies from JAMA and Pediatric Allergy Immunol- ogy journals cited in this article).
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