RAMAN SUPPLEMENT
could be linked, either by chemistry or by packaging (data not shown), suggesting that one single global organisation is probably behind the counterfeiting of this type of capsule.
Conclusion Medicine counterfeiting is a serious criminal issue that requires fast and efficient decisions and repercussions for the criminals. Until the legislation changes and the surveillance of the market increases, appropriate tools can be used by the industries to fight and understand
“Counterfeits are successfully differentiated from genuine
medicines by direct interpretation of Raman spectra or use of chemometric methods”
the phenomenon. Raman spectroscopy is such a tool. This quick and non destructive technique requires only limited sample preparation, can be used in the field thanks to handheld instrumentation and allows the analysis of products through different forms of packaging.
BIOGRAPHY
Dr. Yves Roggo is Quality Control Manager at Roche (F. Hoffmann La Roche, Basel, Switzerland). He is the head of several laboratories using the following techniques: Gas Chomatography-Mass Spectroscopy, Vibrational spectroscopy (Raman, IR and
NIR), Chemical Imaging and Chemometrics. His main areas of expertise are Process Analytical Technology, foreign matter and particles’ identification and counterfeit analyses. He received his PhD thesis in 2003 from the Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy
Laboratory (CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lille, France) and is also the holder of a Masters Degree in Food Sciences (Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Industries Agricoles et Alimentaires, Paris, France).
BIOGRAPHY
Frederic Been started his academic studies in 2005 at the Institut de Police Scientifique of the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. In 2008, he obtained a Bachelor’s degree (BSc) in Forensic Sciences, followed by a Master’s degree (MSc) in Chemical Criminalistics
in 2010. He conducted his Master Thesis at F. Hoffmann & La Roche Ltd. in Basel, Switzerland, where he worked on developing chemometric models for detection and classification of counterfeit medicines. He is a PhD student at the Institut de Police Scientifique of the University of Lausanne working on illicit drug analyses in wastewaters.
Counterfeits are successfully differentiated from genuine medicines by direct interpretation of Raman spectra or use of chemometric methods. Once a case is confirmed, their chemical composition is determined by comparison with excipients and API databases. Finally, thanks to the generation of repeatable patterns, chemical profiling can be performed by Raman spectroscopy associated with classification methods. This last stage, still in its infancy, would permit taking further steps in the fight against counterfeiting. Combined with packaging analysis and seizure information such as geo- chronological data, chemical links established between different seizures could help understand the counterfeit market and possibly determine the source of future counterfeits allowing some preventive actions to be taken. This would finally enable us to decipher intelligence for anti-counterfeiting measures and law enforcement actions.
Raman power
On the frontiers of research, Raman is gaining popularity due to its outstanding power and utility. Now we’ve tapped Raman user input to design even more flexible, uncomplicated instruments. Forensics, pharmaceutical and analytical labs can tailor their analyses, and arrive at fast, reliable answers without all the work. Put Raman to work for you, not the other way around. It’s Raman where you’re in charge.
BIOGRAPHY
Klara Dégardin is currently writing a PhD thesis on the analysis of counterfeit medicines at Roche pharmaceuticals in Basel together with the School of Forensic Science of Lausanne (Switzerland). She is holder of a Master’s degree in chemistry from the ENSCL,
Graduate School of Chemistry of Lille (France). She has been working at Roche since 2007, mostly on the authentication of medicines by Near Infrared and Raman spectroscopy. She now focuses on the forensic intelligence perspective of counterfeits’ analysis.
BIOGRAPHY
Professor Pierre Margot obtained a combined degree in forensic science and criminology at Lausanne University, Switzerland. A short spell in the UK attracted him to pursue a MSc degree in forensic science at Strathclyde University, followed by a PhD degree, also at
Strathclyde, and also in forensic science: postdoctoral research led him from Salt Lake City (USA) in forensic toxicology, the Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (research in chromatography) and to ANU in Canberra (Australia) to pursue research and development in fingerprints. He was then called to take the professorial position in 1986 in Lausanne. He is the fourth professor to occupy the first academic chair in forensic science, created in 1909. One of his major contributions is creating a research centre where over 60 PhD theses have been completed in the last 20 years and a full commitment to develop further this discipline as a key actor of forensic intelligence, investigative science and in providing solid and measurable evidence in court. His group has published over 220 peer-reviewed papers in forensic science within the last 10 years.
www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com
European Pharmaceutical Review Volume 16 | Issue 5 | 2011
Thermo Scientific DXR Raman Microscope
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Germanium lines on Chromium ranging from 500 to 900nm wide
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