Film | GERMANY – IRAN of IRAN, 1941 – 2009
September 22, 1980 Iraq invades Iran – starting a war between the two neighboring countries, which lasts for eight years and claims about 1.5 million casualties.
1979 – 1982 In the following years, the judicial and educational systems are Islamized. Women are forced to dress according to the Islamic dress code, and in public transportation, gender segregation is implemented. Large parts of the economy are nationalized. Critics of the Islamic Republic are prosecuted and oppositionists are murdered.
July – December 1988 After the war, the economy is devastated and people are tired of war. For fear of internal unrest, Iran’s leaders murder numerous political prisoners, including leftist prisoners, for an estimated death count of 2,000 prisoners.
RECONSTRUCTION
June 3, 1989 Khomeini dies at the age of 86 and is succeeded by the former President Ali Khamenei. To this day, he is the Supreme Leader of Iran. Akbar Hashemi-Rafsanjani is sworn in as the new president of Iran.
1989 – 1993 Under the leadership of Rafsanjani, the internal political situation eases and he indicates readiness to talk and to open the economic system.
June 1993 Rafsanjani is re-elected president, though his attempt to liberalize the economy remains unsuccessful. Corruption is growing, inflation is rising, the gap between rich and poor is getting bigger.
April 30, 1995 U.S. President Bill Clinton imposes sanctions over Iran: A trade embargo and the prohibition of American investments in Iran. The sanctions are used as a means of exerting pressure against Iran’s controversial nuclear program.
REFORM ERA
May 1997 The liberal cleric Mohammad Khatami wins the presidential elections. In the hope of reforms and more freedom, young people and women voted for him. On the domestic front, he strengthens the freedom of press and opinion, and in international politics, he relies on readiness to talk. However, during his term of office, attacks on and persecution of intellectuals and oppositionists occur.
June 2001 Although Khatami is confirmed in office as president, his efforts for reform are considered to be too hesitant, especially by his younger supporters.
Summer 2002 The continuing controversy about Iran’s nuclear program is once again provoked by the publication of information about uranium enrichment and heavy water production. Iran repeatedly violates the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and obstructs controls by the International Atomic Energy Agency.
June 2005 The religious conservative Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Mayor of Tehran since 2003, wins the presidential elections. His voters predominantly come from poorer and rural classes of society. His stance in foreign policy builds on provocation, and his home affairs stance is based upon populism.
2009 Previous to the presidential elections on June 12, 2009, the Green Movement arises, hinging their hopes for reform on presidential candidate Mir-Hossein Mousavi. The opposing candidate, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, is instead confirmed into office. Subsequently, repeated protest demonstrations take place in the following months, and the regime takes action against demonstrators. The cruel crowd suppression tactics claim the lives of thousands of victims.
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