Film | GERMANY – IRAN TIMELINE – RECENT HISTORY August 1941 British and Soviet occupy Iran.
September 16, 1941 Reza Shah Pahlavi is forced out of power and goes into exile. His son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, succeeds him on the throne.
1945/1946 Until the end of 1945 and until May 1946, British troops and Soviet troops, respectively, withdraw from Iran.
April 29, 1951 Mohammad Mossadeq is elected Prime Minister of Iran.
May 1951 Mossadeq opposes the shah’s politics. He nationalizes the oil industry, which leads to a conflict with Britain (who holds the majority shares of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company). The emerging conflict, known as the Abadan Crisis, led to the first exile of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
August 19, 1953 Mossadeq is overthrown by a coup engineered by the CIA. The shah returns and Mossadeq is sentenced to three years in prison and subsequent house arrest before the end of August.
May 9, 1961 The shah dissolves the parliament (Majlis). Iran is left without representative body for two years.
1962 Votes for women are introduced, and a land reform takes place – harbingers of the White Revolution initiated by the shah to modernize the country.
June 1963 Ruhollah Khomeini appears on the scene and denounces the shah and the measures of the White Revolution.
November 1964 The government sends Ayatollah Khomeini into exile.
June 2nd, 1967 Reza Shah Pahlavi visits Berlin. During the protest demonstrations, Bruno Ohnesorg is shot dead by a policeman.
1967 The shah launches a family-protection law that improves women’s situation in divorce.
1971 The 1960s economical growth did not reach the people in Iran. In fact, poverty in the cities grew. The pompous celebration of 2500 years of Iranian monarchy led to loud public criticism.
March 2, 1975 The shah forces the dissolution of all remaining parties and implements the Rastakhiz Party as the new single party.
1978 The dissatisfaction among the population grows. More and more frequently anti-shah demonstrations and nationwide strikes arise. Repeatedly, roughly one million people gather in Tehran, in December 1978, for an anti-shah demonstration. With extreme brutality, police and military advance on the demonstrators that belonged to various factions, including liberals and conservatives, seculars and religious, leftists and rightists. Ayatollah Khomeini is their common thread and takes over the role of a unifying figure. This unrest initiated the proclamation of the Islamic Republic.
January 16, 1979 Following further demonstrations and partially bloody attacks against the demonstrators, Reza Shah Pahlavi surrenders and goes into exile. He dies in Cairo in 1980.
February 1, 1979 Ayatollah Khomeini returns to Tehran from exile. He is euphorically received by millions of people. With his rigid attitude against the shah, he could also win over leftist and liberal forces.
March 30/31, 1979 In a referendum, the people pronounce against the monarchy and in favor of the Islamic Republic.
1980 The first parliamentary election takes place and continues every four years.
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