severity of the symptoms by a light fertiliser application and removal of the clippings, but it is not uncommon for red thread to develop on swards maintained under adequate nutrition. In these cases, it may be necessary to apply a plant protection product but again, remove the clippings to reduce the likely reoccurrence of the disease. Fairy rings, although not strictly disease problems, are problems caused by fungi and therefore often referred to as diseases. These can occur on any turf area but the severity of the symptoms will depend upon the rootzone composition, the sward and the fungus present. In many cases, the associated water repellence within the rootzone can cause as much if not more of a problem than the localised disfigurement of the sward. Over recent years, I have seen many close- mown fine turf areas with
superficial fairy ring disease which also have significant problems with anthracnose and/or fusarium patch disease and these diseases can cause more immediate damage to the sward than the initial problem of water-repellence.
nematode populations have built up rapidly, extensive damage to the sward is a definite possibility and in stadia, it has various nematode problems have been identified that appear to build one on top of another resulting in a shallow rooting pitch with all the associated problems for both maintenance and play.
If you have any doubt, just ask!
New diseases are also being found. Not only do I include nematode diseases that used to be dismissed as problems of cool-season turfgrasses, but new fungal diseases are also being identified as well. Only last August, I identified the disease Rapid Blight on a golf course in the UK and I am presently working on trying to formally identify a patch disease that is affecting fescue/bentgrass greens on a golf course in Ireland that would appear to be caused by a Pythium species of fungus. We are now better able to identify the organisms that cause disease and with the
Over the past four years, I have received an increasing number of turf samples through my laboratory that show damage to the sward resulting from nematode infections of the roots. These problems are found in both fine turf (predominantly in Poa annua swards but also creeping bentgrasses) and coarse turfgrass swards with nematode damage in stadia pitches certainly not uncommon. The damage may not necessarily be extensive and turf cover may not be lost in the affected areas, but the weakened and reduced rootzone quality adds additional stress to the plants that can lead to secondary foliar infections, turf being more easily kicked out of the sward or reduced sward density. In severe cases where
increasing number of grass types available for use in amenity turf, the potential host range has also increased and new problems have arisen. It is fair to say that the vast majority of disease problems that you are likely to encounter will be one or more of the so-called common turf diseases, fusarium patch, red thread, take-all patch, leaf spots and anthracnose but as diseases appear with unusual symptoms and new diseases are emerging as a result of maintenance practice, new grass availability and our increased ability to identify them, can you be certain enough of the cause of the symptoms to employ the most effective
management? If you have any doubt at all, just ask.
Dr Kate Entwistle MBPR, The Turf Disease Centre, Waverley Cottage, Sherfield Road, Bramley, Hampshire RG26 5AG. Tel: 01256 880246 Email:
Kate@theturfdiseasecentre.co.uk
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