On-line TOC analysis allows authorities to heed the warnings of organic chemical contamination from accidental or intentional incidents.
water systems provides the visibility needed to obtain accurate, ongoing assessments for process optimization.
A key component of on-line monitoring is the ability of a treatment plant to run as many as three or four streams from the process through the analyzer. Parameters and time increments can be set for each stream, as can warning or alarm notifi cations, as parameter readings approach predetermined levels.
On-line TOC analysis allows authorities to heed the warnings of organic chemical contamination from accidental or intentional incidents. The fre- quency of analysis provides continuous visibility so that peaks and valleys, or important readings throughout the process, are not missed due to time increments that are too long or intermittent.
On-line TOC analysis The 9210p on-line TOC analyzer from OI Analytical, a Xylem brand (College
Station, Texas) (Figure 1), utilizes a heated persulfate oxidation technique in U.S. EPA-approved Methods 415.3 and SM 5310. The instrument can be used to analyze source/raw water and fi nished drinking water, or at any step along the way.
Running the 9210p in process, samples are drawn into the analyzer at pro- grammed time intervals from a fi ll-and-spill sampling system. Phosphoric acid is introduced to the syringe to sparge and remove the total inorganic carbon (TIC) content. The TIC-free sample is then transferred to a reac- tion chamber to be oxidized by heated sodium persulfate (Na2 programmed temperature of up to 100 °C.
S2 O8 ) at a
Oxidation of organic molecules requires 2.5–3 sulfate or hydroxyl radicals per carbon atom.1
Nearly all organic compounds dissolved in water can
be oxidized by this technique. Concentrated solutions (1 or 1.5 M) can eff ectively oxidize organic matter present in the form of colloids, macro- molecules and suspended solids.2
Organic compounds in the sample are oxidized and converted to CO2 ,
which is measured by a solid-state, nondispersive infrared detector to calculate and report the TOC content. Results for each sample are shown on the touchscreen display and can be output to a SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) system, a PC via Ethernet connection, relay/
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AMERICAN LABORATORY • 21 • AUGUST 2015
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