picture is complicated and the type of philosophy that inspired the formation of community education provision has waned. Moreover, the strength of the social practice model is also a potential weakness; its deployment in practice requires experience and expertise, whereas the conditions of employment of practitioners are not conducive to making this realistic for many. Moreover, the economistic drive and narrowing of policy to those engaged in the labour market, threatens the extent to which the term adult is being compressed to those at work or seeking work. Increasingly, the community valued in policy are younger adults and a more open and genuinely lifelong version of adult literacies is threatened.
References
Ackland, A. (2011) 'The eye of the storm: discursive power and resistance in the development of a professional qualification for adult literacies practitioners in Scotland', E.J.R.E.L. vol. 2 (1) pp 57-73. Barton, D. (1994) Literacy. Oxford: Blackwell. Barton, D. and Hamilton, M. (1998) Local Literacies. London: Routledge.
Biesta, G. (2012) 'Have lifelong learning and emancipation still something to say to each other?' Studies in the Education of Adults, vol. 44 (1), 5-20. Cain, H and Yuval-Davis, N (1990) 'The equal opportunities community'. Critical Social Policy 10 (2)
Campbell, E.M. (2011) Scottish Adult Literacy and Numeracy Policy and Practice: Rhetoric or Reality. Unpublished PhD thesis: University of Glasgow.
Hamilton, M. and Barton, D. (2000) 'The international adult literacy survey: what does it really measure?' International Review of Education, 46 (5) p 377-389.
Hamilton, M. (1996) Literacy and adult basic education, in Fieldhouse, R. (ed) A History of Modern British Adult Education. Leicester: NIACE.
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (2000) Literacy in the Information Age. Paris: OECD.
Player, J. (2012) The Glory and Dismay football literacies programme, in Tett, L., Hamilton, M. and Crowther, J. (eds) More Powerful Literacies. Leicester: NIACE.
St. Clair, R., MacLachlan, K. and Tett, L. (2010) Scottish Survey of Adult Literacies 2009, Scottish Government Research Findings, No 58. Scottish Education Department (1975) Adult Education: The Challenge of Change. Edinburgh: HMSO. Scottish Executive (2001) Adult Literacy and Numeracy in Scotland. Edinburgh: Stationery Office.
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