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possible levels of document security. And with the growing utilisation of passports containing biometric data, we must be exceptionally careful not to expose citizens to identity theft or make mission-critical government systems, containing millions of records of personal data, vulnerable to cyber attack. What is clear is that the aviation security industry is moving in the direction of an intelligence-driven, risk-based approach.


Programmes that use identity-based schemes


Biometric passports are now the order of the day; passports for nationls of the Faroe Islands and Greenland carry passports issued by Denmark


chip within the passport on which the photograph is digitally stored, facial recognition can be used to compare the stored image against the one captured by a camera at, for example, a security checkpoint or border crossing. By comparing the two images, advances in facial recognition technology – particularly the algorithms used in the image matching process – it is now possible to automate both the document authentication process (i.e. the document is not a fake/counterfeit) and the identity verification process (i.e. the image contained in the document belongs to the person presenting the document). Specialist equipment is required to access this data. However, concerns remain as to how quickly it can be accessed and verified in a real-time environment. There are also concerns that the chip containing the data may not be readable for the entire lifetime of the document, rendering the benefits obsolete.


Challenges Ahead


While biometrics in particular offer a great deal of promise, there will continue to be significant security value derived from physical document security features in ensuring the integrity of modern travel and identity documents. Paper, ink, thread, laminates, optical devices and advanced printing techniques will continue to play a critically important role to limit document counterfeiting and forgery. All those working in aviation security today understand the potential risks that are associated with passengers travelling on fake documents and not being who we believe them to be. Critical to the continued and future security of travel and identity documents is the need to ensure that the document issuance process maintains the highest possible levels of integrity.


If it becomes too difficult to falsify an


e-Passport, the alternative will be to falsify the application for an e-Passport. Rather than spending time, effort and money on trying to forge advanced security features within the document itself, criminal organisations will focus their efforts on obtaining genuine travel documents by illegitimate means. This may come in the form of presenting false breeder documents, such as a fake birth certificate or driving licence; or it may be as a result of exploiting other vulnerabilities within the issuance system. We can take a great deal of confidence from the fact that neither the practice of identity management nor passports themselves are new concepts. We need to continually ensure that we are using the most advanced techniques and technologies of the day to guarantee the absolute highest


April 2013 Aviationsecurityinternational


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that rely on the ability to confirm the authenticity of the document being presented and to verify the identity of the person presenting it, will continue to be deployed at security checkpoints and borders. Specialist tools, such as document readers that perform automatic fraud detection functions, will also continue to be used throughout the aviation industry to provide a greater level of assurance in establishing document authenticity. Moving forward, if, among others, Secretary Napolitano is to deliver the objective of increasing the adoption of Trusted Traveller Programs to 1 in 4 passengers, it will be essential that government and industry work together to continually deliver benefits to – and protect the identities of – the billions of passengers who will take to the skies this year and who rightfully expect us to mitigate risks and deliver a safe and secure aviation industry.


Matthew Finn is the Managing Director of AUGMENTIQ, an independent consultancy practice specialising in delivering innovation and strategic advice to enhance security at airports, ports and international borders.


www.asi-mag.com


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