INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY BIOMES COOLING
This image shows the workings of the ecosystem of the South Bay site
heat into chemical energy, this simple solution works by absorbing the solar radiation as soon as it strikes the ground, and before it has had the chance to re-radiate as heat into the air. ‘The chilled floors are about preventing
heat gain,’ says Bellew. As a result displacement ventilation is kept to a minimum while the chilled surfaces of the paths help to keep the dome’s 2,000 visitors an hour comfortable.
PROJECT TEAM
Client: National Parks Board of Singapore
Landscape architect: Grant Associates
Sustainability and building services: Atelier Ten
Local M&E engineer: CPG Corporation Structural engineer: Atelier One Architect: Wilkinson Eyre
Boiler and turbine contractor: EcoWise
Cool blast The environmental solution in the Cloud Forest dome is similar to that of the Flower Dome, with a displacement ventilation system and chilled pathways but, in addition, this dome has jet diffusers and evaporative misters to increase humidity and air movement. The climate will simulate a mountain cloud forest – a fact emphasised by the large man-made mountain contained within the space. This 40m high construction is home to the world’s highest indoor waterfall and a series of exhibition spaces cast into its slopes and aerial walkways to take visitors through the tree tops. This dome was originally intended to be
cooled using displacement ventilation alone. However, computational fluid dynamics
24 CIBSE Journal August 2012
analysis showed that warm air would have collected near the top of the mountain, making it too hot for the plants and too uncomfortable for visitors. As a result displacement diffusers at the mountain’s base and peak have been enhanced with the addition of jet diffusers concealed in the mountain’s slopes to deliver 110 cu m/s of conditioned air. The jet diffusers blast cooled air into the dome, mixing the air and preventing it from stratifying over the height of the mountain. Above the mountain, stratification is
allowed and this is where the extract air intake has been located. The removed air can either be cooled and recirculated or used to regenerate the desiccant. Evaporative misters, mounted on the underside of suspended walkways, will add a fine spray of water droplets to the dome’s air. This will increase humidity within the space; the droplets will also absorb heat as they evaporate, reducing the cooling load. The 8,000 kW of cooling needed to air condition both domes is supplied from plant hidden from view in the adjacent five-storey plant room, which is located beneath a hill south of the domes. In keeping with the garden theme the primary source of energy for the cooling system is waste wood. The client, the National
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