HCL Meeting 2010
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Potential conflict of interest: Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at
www.informahealthcare.com/lal.
References
1. DeHarven E, LampenN, Pollack A, et
al.New observations on methods for preparing cell suspensions for scanning electron microscopy. In: Proceedings of 8th Annual SEM Symposium, Chicago, Ill ITT Research Inst., April 1975. pp. 361–367.
2. Alexander EL, Wetzel B. Human lymphocytes: similarity of B and T cells surface morphology. Science 1975;188:732–734.
3. Roath S, Newell D, Polliack A, Wetzel B, et al. Scanning electron microscopy and the surface morphology of human lymphocytes. Nature 1975;273:15–18.
Figure 10. Typical hairy cell positively identified by immunogold labeling.
4. Polliack A. Normal transformed and leukemic leukocytes: a scanning electron microscopy atlas. Berlin: Springer; 1977.
5. Polliack A, Lambertenghi-Deliliers G, Soligo D. A scanning electron microscopy atlas of normal and malignant leukocytes. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers; 1993.
architecture. Lymphocytes have microvilli; mye- lomonocytic cells have ridges and prominent ruffles; leukemic plasma cells and myeloma cells and megakaryocytes display irreguar bleb-like structures and have fewer microvilli; filipodia are present on fibroblasts and attaching cells; while more immature precursor cells have smoother surfaces with fewer microprojections. HCL cells have hybrid lymphoid–monocytic–macrophage- like surfaces which are characteristic for this type of leukemia.
4. These are reliable features which can help in diagnosis morphologically; however, today these methods and techniques are not used routinely, as cells are easily defined by surface immunophenotype employing flow cy- tometry.
5. Specialized scanning immuno-electron micro- scopic techniques using monoclonal antibodies attached to small latex beads, virus particles, or colloidal gold have also been used in the past to identify cell types positively, while documenting surface morphology at the same time.
6. For the sake of brevity we have chosen two atlases and selected papers as the main refer- ences for this short review, and not the extensive literature available in this field.
6. de Harven E, Soligo D. Scanning electron microscopy of cell surface antigens labelled with colloidal gold. Am J Anat 1986;175:277–286.
7. Soligo D, Lambertenghi-Deliliers G, de Harven E. Immu- noscanning electron microscopy of normal and leukemic leukocytes labelled with colloidal gold. Scanning Microsc 1987;1:719–725.
8. Hammerling U, Polliack A, Lampen N, et al. Scanning electron microscopy of tobacco mosaic virus-labelled lympho- cyte surface antigens. J Exp Med 1975;141:518–523.
9. Gamliel H, Polliack A. Positive identification of human leukemic cells with scanning - immunoelectron microscopy, using antibody coated latex beads as markers. Scand J Haematol 1981;26:297–305.
10. Polliack A, Lampen N, Clarkson BD, et al. Identification of B and T lymphocytes by scanning electron microscopy. J Exp Med 1973;138:607–624.
11. Polliack A, Fu SM, Douglas SD, et al. Scanning electron microscopy of human lymphocyte - sheep erythrocyte rosettes. J Exp Med 1974;140:146–158.
12. Polliack A, Siegal FP, Clarkson BD, et al. A scanning electron microsopy and immunological study of 84 cases of lympho- cytic leukemia and related lymphoproliferative disorders. Scand J Haematol 1975;15:359–376.
13. Polliack A, McKenzie S, Gee T, et al. A scanning electron microscopic study of 34 cases of acute granulocytic, myelo- monocytic, monoblastic and histiocytic leukemias. Am J Med 1975;59:308–315.
14. Golomb HM, Braylan R, Polliack A. Hairy cell leukaemia (leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis): a scanning electron micro- scopic study of eight cases. Br J Haematol 1975;29:455–460.
15. Golomb HM, Reese C. Surface ultrastructural and marker charactersitics of leukemic cells. In: Proceedings of 9th Annual SEM Symposium, Chicago, Ill ITT Research Inst., 1976. pp. 41–48.
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