MONDAY, OCTOBER 11, 2010
KLMNO
EZ SU
The World A11 Israeli citizenship billwould require loyalty pledge to Jewish state BY JOEL GREENBERG
jerusalem—TheIsraelicabinet approved on Sunday the submis- sion of a bill to parliament that would require new citizens to pledgeloyaltytoIsraelasa“Jewish anddemocratic state.” The language of the bill echoed
Prime Minister Binyamin Netan- yahu’s demand that the Palestin- ians recognize Israel as the Jewish state. It angered IsraeliArab lead- ers,who calledthe legislationpro-
vocative. “This bill anchors in law the
inferior status of Arab citizens as compared with Jewish citizens,” said Ahmad Tibi, an Israeli Arab legislator. “It requires a pledge of loyalty to an ideology, and that is problematic.” Under the terms of the bill, the
loyalty pledge would be required of any non-Jewseeking to become a naturalized citizen, not from Jews immigrating to Israel, who are entitled to automatic citizen- ship. Neither does the pledge ap-
ply to Israeli Arabs, who already hold citizenship. The new word- ing would be added to the pledge of allegiance required of new citi- zens. The bill carried a symbolic po-
litical message that Netanyahu emphasized in his remarks at the start of the weekly cabinet meet- ing. “There are those in the world
who are trying to blurnot only the unique connection between the Jewish people and its homeland but also the unique connection
betweenthe Jewish people and its state,” he said. “The combination of these two lofty values, a Jewish state and a democratic state, ex- presses the basis of our existence, the essence of the state of Israel. And anyone who wants to join us must recognize this.” Netanyahu has insisted that as
part of a future peace agreement with Palestinians, they must rec- ognize Israel as the Jewish state. Palestinian leaders have rejected thedemand, saying itundermines the claims of Palestinian refugees
In China, Sigmund Freud has now arrived china from A1
tury ago, to newheights in China, a country where mental health has long been an underdeveloped branch ofmedicine. The success of their intensive
two-year training program, called the China American Psychoana- lyticAlliance(CAPA),hasbeenthe result of several overlapping fac- tors: Chinese doctors — whose training has been limited to drug prescription—arehungryfornew theories and techniques to treat patients. Meanwhile, Freudian psychoanalysts in the United States — often seen as outdated, evenirrelevant—areequallykeen togainnewgroundinChina.Con- necting the two sides is Skype, an Internet videoconferencing tech- nology that didn’t even exist until seven years ago. In many ways, the mental
health field in China is especially ripe for growth. Top government officials and experts have ex- pressed concern that increasing social pressures in China—more competition at almost every stage of life, awideningwealth gap and quickly changing moral values — are straining people’s capacity to cope. A spate of inexplicable inci-
dents this year — in which men rushed into kindergartens and randomly stabbed children — prompted promises by the gov- ernment to shore up mental health services in China. There are economic ramifications as well, highlighted this summer by a string of high-profile suicides at factories producing electronic parts for Apple products, which sent business leaders searching for solutions. For decades, China has lacked
the infrastructure to deal with such problems. Compared with mostdevelopedcountries, includ- ing the United States, China has justafractionof thementalhealth workersper capitaneededtotreat patients. Complicating matters is a checkered relationship between the practitioners and govern- ment, which has been accused at times ofusingmentalhealthas an excuse to imprisonpolitical oppo- nentsor toquellprotests.Butwith prosperity andanexpandingmid- dle class, China is starting to de- velop a market for the long-term and often expensive therapy re- quired by psychoanalysis. Next week, the International
Psychoanalytical Association will hold its first major conference in
Beijing. And al- ready, budding psychoanalyti- cal associations are starting to form in China’s urban centers. The most or-
JiXuesong
ganized push, however, has
come fromCAPA. Thetwo-year intensivetraining
programis runoutof thecluttered NewYork apartment of Elise Sny- der. The 76-year-old psychoana- lyst was nearing retirement age nine years ago when she present- ed a paper at a conference in China. During her visit, she was overwhelmed by the eagerness of Chinese doctors to know more. Many begged for formal training in Freudian psychotherapy. Now, asmost therapistsher age
are winding down, she remains a whirlwind of activity, calling, teaching, shooting off e-mails and matching students in China with new U.S. supervisors. Her living room serves as CAPA’s makeshift office. An intern for the nonprofit occupies her dining-roomtable. “You don’t understand how ex-
citing it is right now,” she said. “TheatmosphereinChina, it’s like what New York was in the 1960s for us psychoanalysts. The enthu- siasmis incredible.”
A culturalmystery To understand the hunger for
Freud in China, Snyder’s students say, onemust understand that the
professors who would have trained this generation of doctors and therapistsweremostlywiped out in the Cultural Revolution of the late 1960s—sent to farms for reeducation, chased out of aca- demia or simply banned from studyingWestern theories. Ji Xuesong, a psychiatrist and
an associate professor at Peking University’s Institute of Mental Health, was one of the first stu- dents to sign up for CAPA two years ago. He said he first came across
Freud’s works as a teenager. “Freud talks a lot about penis and vagina,” explainedJi,now37. “As a teenager, I was naturally looking for books on sex so I picked it up. But I couldn’t understand any- thing. I’m pretty sure, looking back, that the translator of the book himself didn’t understand.” The mystery of Freud stayed
with himthroughmedical school, where psychoanalysis was tanta- lizingly mentioned in textbooks. But Ji could never find a full course, much less a practitioner who could teach him how to use Freud’s theories to help his pa- tients. Instead, mental health trainingfocusedalmostexclusive- ly on learning which drugs were prescribed forwhich diagnoses. Therapy treatments are rare in
China, Ji and other doctors said, partly because of the convenience of drugs inthe face of overwhelm- ing caseloads, a shortage of men- talworkersandtheexpensethera- py requires. But in his spare time,
to return to their former homes in Israel and calls into question the rights of Israeli Arabs, who make up 20 percent of Israel’s popula- tion. Civil rights advocates in Israel
said the new language under- mines Israeli democracy. In a let- ter to Netanyahu, the Association for Civil Rights in Israel said the pledge of allegiance to a Jewish state “sends the humiliating and discriminatory message to non- Jewish Israeli citizens, especially to those non-Jews seeking natu-
ralization, that the state does not belong to them.” Defense Minister Ehud Barak,
who voted against the bill along with otherministers of the Labor Party, insisted that the pledge in- clude a reference to Israel’s decla- ration of independence, which guarantees equality to all citizens. His proposal was referred to a ministerial committee preparing the legislation.
JoelGreenberg is a special correspondent.
Treating China’s syndromes A 2005 World Health Organization study showed China trailing other developed countries in the number of practicing psychiatrists. Recent figures show that China doesn’t have any members in the International Psychoanalytical Association — a professional organization for Freudian psychoanalysts.
Psychiatrists per 100,000 population
France
Britain Germany Canada Argentina U.S.
China Mexico Spain Brazil Italy
SUSAN BIDDLE FOR THE WASHINGTON POST
In a Skype call, Jing JingHuang, a psychiatrist inWuhan, China, talks with Danille Drake, seen in the lower screen, about Freud’s theories. Drake logs on for the sessions from her home office in Bethesda.
Ji tried to learnpsychoanalysis on his own, fumbling through trans- lations and attending visiting lec- tures from foreign experts. Ji — whosepatients include thosewith severe mental illness as well as middle-class professionals strug- gling with depression — even tried out the little he understood on a few wealthier clients who requested long-termtherapy. “It was a disaster,” he admitted
with a sigh. “It was as though I were a book sitting in that chair. I had the knowledge, but no real clue howto do it.” So when he and other Chinese
doctors heard about CAPA, they couldn’t believe it. Some were evenleery because of theminimal enrollment costs. (Tuition has since beenraised to$1,500,which students say remains relatively lowconsidering the hourly rate of most U.S. therapists who teach in CAPApro bono.) Theprogramfollowsatwo-year
curriculum.There are 30weeks of classes—four-hour sessions usu- ally taught by one U.S. practitio- ner via Skype with 10 or so stu- dents gatheredinadoctor’soffice. Each student receives an hour a week of one-on-one supervision. Many of the students have also undergone psychoanalysis. In such sessions, several stu-
dents have even insisted on fol- lowing classical Freudian rules, lyingdownonacouchfacingaway from their therapists (or in this case, a Skype-connected laptop) as they drift through free associa-
SOURCE: World Health Organization, International Psychoanalytical Association THE WASHINGTON POST tion.
A few obstacles There have been bumps along
the way. Raised in a culture that stresses agreement over discord, the Chinese students have been reluctant at times, according to somesupervisors, toengage inthe confrontation necessary to push patients into self-examination. And in a culture where filial duty ishugely valued, it canbe tricky to pushpatients toexaminetheways in which their parents have screwed themup. The language barrier has
proved troublesome as well. Be- cause of the gender-neutral pro- nouns inChinese, forexample, the students often use “he” and “she” interchangeably—a frustratingly importantdistinctioninFreudian theory. One of the biggest worries,
however, among the American teachers is that they will become idealizedauthorityfigures intheir students’minds. “The idea that we’re going to
somehow impose our views on them is not only incorrect but morally wrong,” Snyder said. “There’s a desire among the Chi- nese students to find their own way. Intime, theymay evendevel- optheirownsystemorphilosophy to follow.” As one of the first graduates of
Topic: Foreign
Run Date: 10 / 11/ 2010 Size: 23p2 x 4.5” Artist: Chris Canipe
the program, Jihas already begun passingonhisknowledge.Henow teaches coursesonpsychotherapy at Peking University Medical School, and the class is almost
always standing-room-only. Be- tween his counseling sessions, he gives seminars for visiting doc- tors. During one recent lecture to
doctors from Liaoning province, he rendered his newly acquired knowledge into more palatable terms for his Chinese audience: Freud’s idea of the subconscious, he explained, is like the ghosts of Chinese superstition — they may move amongus completely invisi- bly, but they are powerful forces nonetheless.Likewise,hesaid, the Oedipal complex is not so differ- ent fromwhatmany in China call the“littleemperor” syndromeasa result of China’s one-child policy, where every child feels his or her mother’s love belongs entirely to the child and no one else. Later, in his office, Ji talked
about how good it feels to finally understand and employ Freud’s theories. But even as Freudian theory is
chinafreud-g.ai PROOF 2
taking off in China, he noted, oth- er theories are also beginning to emerge. Of late, he said, he had started studying yet another branch of psychology, almost as eclectic inChina asFreudwas just a fewyears ago. He picked up a pen and asked a
visitor to look at it carefully, to follow it as it moved lower and lower. “I’ve started to learn hypnosis,”
he saidwith a grin.
wanw@washpost.com
Researcher Zhang Jie contributed to this report.
13.3 13.7
12.0
9.8 11.0 11.8
4.8
1.3 2.7 3.6
22
IPA members per country 906
3,080 1,215
880 400 1,207 397
1,166
249 261
0
China currently has no IPA members, but nine candidates have recently begun the application process.
StandardoneverynewToyota. StarSafetySystem.
No matter who you are or what you drive, everyone deserves to be safe. Which is why the Star Safety System™is standard on all our new vehicles—no matter what model or trim level. It’s a combination of five advanced safety features that help keep you in control and out of harm’s way. Toyota is the first full-line manufacturer to make the features of the Star Safety System™ standard on all vehicles. Because at Toyota,we realize nothing is more important to you than your safety.
™
Visit
toyota.com/safety ©2010 Toyota Motor Sales,U.S.A., Inc.
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64