Cell Culture
Figure 1: Most important advantages of 3D cell culture
Better mirrors the environment experienced by normal cells in the body
Replicates complex tissue structures and in vivo-like morphology
Better reflects normal differentiation, polarisation, cell behaviour and intercellular interactions
More realistic cell biology and function More predictive of disease states
More mechanistically accurate modelling and drug responses
of the target tissue
Shorter production times relative to similar to current monolayer cultures
Less cell numbers required Significant cost saving compared to
alternative approaches
Eliminates the need for harsh cell dissociation solutions
Simpler to automate
3.96 3.98
3.78 3.48 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 © HTStec 2010 10.00 11.00 MEAN RANKED ORDER 1 to 11, where 1 = least important and 11 = most important 4.94 6.57 6.18 9.06 8.84 8.61 8.26
Main application for 3D scaffolds/formats
The main application for the 3D scaffolds/formats (ie the substrates on which cells are cultured) under investigation by survey respondents are presented in Figure 2. By application here we include both the cell origin and the desired outcomes. This analysis showed that the majority (64%) was investigating stem cells, this was closely followed by primary cells (61% investigating) and human cell lines (57% investigating). Other important applications were investigated by fewer respon- dents, eg tissue engineering (38% investigating) and cancer cells (35% investigating).
Types of primary cells most investigated for 3D cell culture The type of primary cells most investigated by sur- vey respondents for 3D cell culture was fibroblasts, this followed by endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and then hepatocytes (Figure 3).
3D scaffolds/formats that have shown most promise
Figure 2: Main applications for 3D scaffolds/formats investigated
Transformed or recombinant cell lines Tissue engineering Human cell lines Primary cells Stem cells
Growth factor release Cancer cells
Other applications Tumor xenografts Feeder free ESC culture Angiogenesis
© HTStec 2010 16% 14% 10%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% % Investigating
20% 21%
64% 61% 57% 38%
35% 36%
Where 3D cell culture will impact the most
Survey respondents ranked tissue/organ engineer- ing as the area where they expect 3D cell culture to impact the most over the coming years. This was followed by all aspects of basic research and then drug discovery application areas (Figure 5).
advantages of 3D cell culture. This revealed that better mirrors the environment experienced by normal cells in the body was the most important advantage to survey respondents. In the ranking this was closely followed by replicates complex tis- sue structures and in vivo-like morphology; and then better reflects normal differentiation, polari- sation, cell behaviour and intercellular interac- tions. Ranked least important advantages were simpler to automate and eliminate the need for harsh cell dissociation solutions (Figure 1).
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Assay types most successfully demonstrated with 3D cultures The assay types survey respondents have most suc- cessfully demonstrated to date (2010) with 3D cell cultures were cell viability, closely followed by cell proliferation, then cell migration and cell signalling assays (Figure 6).
Transitioning from 2D to 3D cultures Two-thirds of people surveyed plan to transition their cell culture from 2D to 3D, with half of these having already transitioned some part of their work to 3D. Greater biological relevance was ranked as the most important reason for transi- tioning from 2D to 3D cell culture. This was fol- lowed by enhanced cell viability/responsiveness and better quality of assay results (Figure 7).
Drug Discovery World Summer 2010
The 3D scaffolds/formats that have shown most promise in 3D cell culture was gel/hydrogel, this was followed by ECM (extra-cellular matrix) sheet, aggregates/spheroids and then collagen tis- sue constructs (Figure 4).
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