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Computer Based Training
“...differences between X-ray be received by trainees using a particular CBT system,
and how this might supplement or otherwise relate to
machines in terms of colour additional methods employed.
An assessment of the skills and knowledge which
representation of images and X-ray are difficult to master at the start of training may be
useful for determining the content of CBT. Individuals’
machine controls should be allowed understanding of how objects are represented in the
X-ray image in terms of colours, shapes, sizes, angles
for in training...” etc. will be generally low at this stage, for example,
so a good use for CBT would be to try and enhance
to review a particular training exercise which they have this understanding and allow practice of the image
completed and compare their responses to the correct recognition task for threat and non-threat objects.
responses. It is also advantageous if the CBT system The skills and knowledge that are prone to skill fade
can adapt its difficulty levels and focus on the areas of should be assessed to determine what the emphasis of
weakness of the individual trainee based on performance, refresher CBT should be. In particular, images of threat
and give certification and performance standards. objects such as guns, grenades, and IEDs are unlikely to
be seen on a regular basis (unless through TIP), so an
Management and Integration emphasis on these objects including descriptions of their
A number of organisational issues should be considered features, strategies to aid their detection and information
before employing CBT, particularly with regard to how it on concealment strategies is likely to be beneficial.
will be managed, and how it will affect the occupational Practice at the threat detection task with feedback is
roles of instructors and training managers. There also useful during refresher training. A particularly
should be at least one nominated individual with overall effective use of CBT is for the monitoring of performance
responsibility for the CBT who understands the system standards. The types of assessments featured in CBT and
set-up and so is able to perform functions like obtaining the stages when they are likely to be beneficial should
data on trainees’ progress and testing. Logistical also be considered.
issues of how CBT is to be used in training should be The types of X-ray machines which screeners are likely
considered. If it is to be used during group training to use should be examined. Some CBT systems have
a multi-user system will be required, or alternatively a images specific to one X-ray machine manufacturer,
single system with overhead projector facilities can be whereas others may use a variety of image types.
used by an instructor for demonstration purposes. If the The differences between X-ray machines in terms of
CBT is intended for use on a more individual training colour representation of images and X-ray machine
basis, a single user system may be adequate dependent controls should be allowed for in training. As screeners
upon frequency of use. may be expected to work several different types of
The design of initial and refresher training must also be X-ray machines in the operational environment, it is
carefully considered. The specific role of CBT, where it advisable that they gain experience and understanding
will fit in the overall training programme and how it will of the differences between the machines – and the
be coordinated with other media are all important issues significance of these differences – so that they are able
that should be taken into account during the planning. It to cope with these variations. CBT should use images
is important to be aware of the type of training which will which are of a similar quality to those seen operationally.
It is also important to maintain the relevance of X-ray
screening CBT by updating the images and threat
types to ensure the currency of training, and also to
ensure that the CBT is not redundant, or only providing
a negative training value.
CBT System Evaluation
Evaluation of training outcome is vitally important and
must be considered as an integral part of the overall use
of the CBT system. For CBT to be effective it needs to
be an integral part of an individuals learning and devel-
opment programme and should be an ongoing process
rather than a singular event. Training evaluation is impor-
tant as it ensures that the intended outcomes from the
training were achieved and that they offer a sound return
on investment.
CBT is not limited to X-ray training. Safe Passage offers students the ability to
Evaluation of training is an important cornerstone
learn how to best utilise Rapiscan’s Secure 1000 body scanner in assessing an individual’s subsequent operational
20 Register now for FREE instant access to ASI online by visiting www.asi-mag.com December 2009 Aviationsecurityinternational
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