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Power Management Product News a82 Power Management
E
fficiency is the current theme
Correct
Committed to excellence
There are two main types of power
for nearly all designs factor correction circuits – active and
regardless of the application. passive. Passive PFC techniques are
Previously, tactics for such often bulky, introduce unnecessary
efficiency gains were only considered losses, and are not preferable due to
for battery-powered applications and the emerging, cost-effective, active
often disregarded for line-powered PFC controllers on the market. The
devices that plugged into the passive approach adds costly filtering
common wall outlet. Now, the to effectively make a non-linear load
control loop has nearly over appear more linear. Active PFC can
corrected in the opposite direction be done with multiple topologies,
where the ends, exceeding 90% boost, Buck and even Buck-boost.
efficiency, justifies the means, The most common topology is boost
various topologies and increased as the output voltage being higher
integration. Below we explore the than the input works with different Vishay Intertechnology, Inc a82 www.vishay.com
advantages of power factor levels of line voltage. High output
correction (PFC) and how voltage also allows for efficient
instrumental this technique is in energy storage which is important
meeting present and emerging for hold-up time. More than distribution.
government specifications. The basic modes of operation for
What is PFC? It is defined as the boost PFC are continuous
ratio of real power to apparent power conduction mode (CCM),
and is evident when looking at discontinuous conduction mode
current and voltage waveforms (DCM), and boundary conduction
separately. Real power is the actual mode (BCM) which is also referred to
ability of the configured devices to as critical conduction mode (CrCM)
produce work over a given instance,
define
&
d
or transition mode (TM).
i.e. action and reaction for a specified Continuous conduction mode
event measured in the form of Watts (CCM) is very common and uses a
(W). The overlooked and not so fixed frequency approach to provide
obvious apparent power, measured in excellent power factor and low total
volt-amps (VA), can be derived as the harmonic distortion (THD). THD is
product of the current and voltage of another metric for power factor that
the observed signals in the
application. In some reactive Ed Suckow discusses power factor correction and thePower Electr
can be derived from the PF level. A
difficulty of this mode is theonics a82 Product News Product News a82 Power Electronics
systems, magnetic energy can be benefits of using the switch-mode power supply design complex control schemes due to the
stored in the load and reflected back difficulty in closing the current loop
to the source. Because of this control.
energising effect, a non-symmetrical the line. Not only can it cause approximately 0.9. It should also be Discontinuous mode (DCM) is not Power PMAC motion
load which dynamically affects the harmonics, it can also result in noted that purely resistive elements, intentionally entered but is
characteristic shape of the current increased current on the neutral line. such as a heater or incandescent unavoidable under light loads for computer provides easy
w w w . r e l e c . c o . u k
drawn from the source can result in Power companies must provide for light bulb, would have a pure PF of either the CCM or BCM modes. All configuration Po w e r s u p pllii e s
an apparent power that is greater peak current levels and design and 1. The trend is, more reactive essential power factor correction is
than the real power. The metric of maintain the distribution system components are introduced to the lost when in this mode. The Power PMAC is an easy-to-configure controller – Pa n ell & P C B m o u ntt p r o d u ctt s
power factor (PF) is 0 to 1 and is a accordingly. Peaks associated with typical wall outlet in a range of Lastly, boundary conduction mode whether for basic or sophisticated tasks. The Power
function of the alignment of these differences between waveforms must power levels. (BCM) is becoming an approach of PMAC has superior computational capabilities Cii r c uiitt p r ott e cttii o n
waveforms. When they are in perfect also be accounted for. The closer the We begin with a rectified input interest that is a good compromise together with a high level of peripheral integration.
alignment, the ideal goal, PF is 1. power factor is to 1, the closer the voltage, the required bridge for any between complexity and good power Consult. The Product employs a full Linux operating S e n s o r p r o d u ctt s
current harmonics will be to zero AC input. In a typical switch-mode factor levels. It uses a variable system with a hard-real-time kernel, creating a complete general-purpose computing
since all the power is contained in power supply (SMPS) design the very frequency method and takes environment. But it also comes embedded with a complete motion and machine controlMore consultation and economic effi ciency.
PFC is defined as the the fundamental frequency. next component is the underlying advantage of a simpler loop control. software environment that builds on the success of Delta Tau’s existing PMAC and Turbo PMAC
ratio of real power to issue. The bulk capacitor, CIN, is Due to the boundary control
RUTRONIK is one of Europe’s leading distributors for
controllers. This results in a powerful solution for almost any commercial, industrial, or military DC - DC CONVERTERS
Tools and techniques charged when VIN is near the peak operation it always provides zero motion control application. electronic components. Apart from the distribution
apparent power and is Power companies have alignment input voltage or when the input current switching at any input Maxim Integrated Products a82 In virtually all aspects of the machine control, users have the choice between using the built-inof high-end products, RUTRONIK offers even more: Low Power DC DC Converters
evident when looking methods but the best correction of voltage is greater than the capacitor voltage. Smaller boost inductors and Crydom a82 www.crydom.com www.maxim-ic.com algorithm and providing their own software, written in C or C++ and compiled with the public- • Industry standard footprints
power factor should occur at the voltage VCIN. Hence, a system More detailed technology and product consultation
at current and voltage
cheaper diodes are other advantages. domain GNU compiler. C programs can be written “manually” or generated from environments • Very low cost. Save up to 50% against other
final power conversion levels prior without PFC will only charge the As understanding of the effects of such as IEC-1131 or Matlab/Simulink, as well as EPICS or other task-oriented programs.with our sales coordinators, application engineers and
waveforms separately. to the load. Previous power levels input capacitor a small percent of non-linear loads on the power Delta Tparuo dDuactta s Spyescitaelmistssa82 wfowr whig.dehlltya tsapue.cciomalised applications.
leading brands
requiring correction were in the the cycle time. IdeallyVishay Intertechnology, CIN can be, Inc. a82 wwwdistribution system improves,.vishay.com • -40 to +85°C operation as standard
>500W range but it is now seen at sized given the input voltage contribution and solutions to the In addition, allow yourself to be convinced of our • Very short lead-times. 1000pcs < 2 weeks
There is lagging, an inductive much lower levels. It is also not frequency. However, a drop in the issues become more sophisticated. Power supplies for theMORE offerings in the areas of components, logistics • Isolation up to 6kV DC
function, and leading, driven by practical to only decide if power input must be accounted for. This Numerous standards are forcing the shipbuilding industrand support. y
observed capacitance, deltas between correction is needed or not based on results in the capacitor being sized so topology upon us at various power
• Custom units available on request
the waveforms. the power in watts. Lighting ballasts, that there is enough stored energy to levels. It is important to explore the Utilising SFB technology, these power
When the power factor is not for instance, are relatively lower in bias the load during the line benefits of PFC ICs that are emerging supplies from Phoenix Contact are equipped
equal to 1, the current waveform power but incur large voltage spikes undervoltage event, which in the market to maintain a green with standard fuse breakers able to trip six- Low cost industry standard DC DC Converters
does not follow the voltage for neon ignition causing waveform introduces even further reactive power focus. fold rated current for 12 ms. With the aid of • Low Cost, Low Noise, High performance
waveform. This results in power misalignment. This has resulted in a components adding to the need for Fairchild Semiconductor a82 these dynamic current reserves, the faulty • 3 to 30Watt products. Single / Dual outputs
losses, but may also cause harmonics differentiation of ballasts between power factor. Naturally, the larger www.fairchildsemi.com current path is selectively de-energised toConsult | Components | Logistics | Support • Industry standard packages. DIP24,
that travel down the neutral line and normal power factor (NPF) of 0.5 the load, the larger the input Ed Suckow is Field Application Engineer isolate the fault so that critical systemTel: +44 (0) 1204 602 200 www.rutronik.com
disrupt other devices connected to and high power factor (HPF) of capacitor. at Fairchild Semiconductor ON Semiconductor a82 www.onsemi.com components can remain in operation. 2” x 1”, 2” x 1.6”
Nu Horizons Corp. a82 PDS Design Solutions a82 A static Power Boost power reserve with • Save 30% against other leading brands
www.nuhorizons.com www.whatpowersupply.com up to 1.5 times the rated current is • UL / CE approval
20 February 2009 Components in Electronics www.cieonline.co.uk www.cieonline.co.uk permanently available to ensure the reliableComponents in Electronics February 2009 21 • 2:1 and 4:1 input ranges available
startup of loads with high inrush currents.
Permanent monitoring of the output
voltages and currents allows for
High Voltage - High Power - Non Inductive
Z7000 POLs and Digital Power Manager (DPM)
comprehensive diagnostics. This
preventative function monitoring visualises •I
2C programmable
critical operation states and reports them to • Wide input 3….13.2VDC
THE BIG RESISTOR RANGE
the controller before errors occur. • 7, 10, 15 and 20A ratings
Phoenix Contact a82 • User defined outputs 0.5….5.5V
www.phoenixcontact.co.uk • Digital control features include
- Output voltage and current
Eight high-speed, low- New lithium batteries - Sequencing
power data converters with innovative BR and - Slew rates
- Frequency
Analogue Devices, Inc. has introduced eight CR technologies - Fault management
new TxDAC transmit digital-to-analogue Panasonic has extended its offerings to
converters (DACs) that significantly benefit measuring instruments, data acquisition and
power- and space-sensitive wireless identification (RFID), electronic toll collection
infrastructure applications. systems for cars and lorries (ETC) and safety Industry Standard Bricks
ADI has also introduced two new series of engineering markets. The BR battery series • Deliver up to 50A
pin-compatible dual TxDAC converters—the features top pulse currents and the CR series • Available with both 24V and 48V inputs
AD971x DACs for small base stations and a 3-volt voltage depending on the design-in. • Meets basic Insulation requirements
battery-powered radios and the AD911x The lithium batteries are available from the of EN60950
DACs optimised for low-cost cellular base distributor Rutronik.
stations. The two new models BR-1/2AA and BR-AA • Available in both through hole and SMD
Each brings low power consumption and have capacity’s of 1,000 and 2,500 milliamp • Outputs available from 1V to 48V
space savings to these demanding high- hours (mAh) at a nominal voltage of three
performance applications. Dissipating only volts. The poly-carbon¬monofluoride
High voltage 1 - 96kV, 1 - 1,700W, High power 18 - 200W, Ultra high power 220 mW at maximum sample rate, the technology ensures a self-discharge rate
flat style, axial lead and in SMD, TO220, SOT 227 300 - 800W. AD911x series of devices consume 40 below 0.5 percent per year (at room
cylindrical packages. ISOTOP packages.
percent less power and are one-third the size temperature), in addition the batteries can Tel: +44 (0) 1929 555700
of competing transmit DACs, while achieving be used in a particularly wide temperature email: sales@relec.co.uk
10 dB better SFDR (spurious-free dynamic range of between –40 °C and 85 °C.
Also including voltage divider networks, current sensing and special metal film precision resistors. range) performance. The AD971x devices, The three models from the CR series
…available from PPM Power call +44 (0)1793 784389 or visit www.ppmpower.co.uk with 2 mA full-scale output current, are even feature capacity’s of 1,400 mAh (CR-2/3AZ),more energy efficient, consuming 70 percent 1,650 mAh (CR-AAZ) and 2,400 mAh (CR-
THE POWER IN POWER ELECTRONICS less power than competing solutions. AG) also at a nominal voltage of three volts.
Analog Devices a82 www.analog.com Rutronik a82 www.Rutronik.com
22 November 2008 Components in Electronics www.cieonline.co.uk www.cieonline.co.uk Components in Electronics November 2008 23
Crisis, what crisis?
Steve Rogerson reviews electronica ‘08
Southern Electronics
2009 supplement CIE roundtable
What does the future hold for sensors?
design a82 technology a82 products Ramp it up Mind the energy gap
a82 applications a82 businessRedefining engineering Closing developmentthe energy gap in the display sector
Taking the UAV to the next level
www.cieonline.c
Contr
o.uk
olling multiple unmanned aircraft
December 2008 / January 2009
Distributor
design a82 technology a82 products
Published by
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COMPONENTS IN ELECTRONICS a82 applications a82 business Designing connectors for high-reliability applications
SUPPLEMENT
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www.cieonline.co.uk February 2009
The essential manual for buyers and suppliers
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A global technology leader specialising
in the design and manufacture of The Evolution of Analog™
High Performance
Analog Semiconductors
Interview: Zuken’s Gerhard Lipski talks to Neil Tyler a82 Striking a balance: selecting the right power module
Boosting design productivity: the Real-Time Spectrum Analyser evaluated a82 Medical electronics: RFID gets a boost
SHOW
An
PREVIEW
innovation explosion: How is the industrial camera market evolving? a82 Back to the green drawing board: Coping
available from with environmental legislation a82 Regulation and control: How to optimise power supplies for industrial instrumentation
23rd International Trade Fair • New Munich Trade Fair Centre • Nov. 11-14, 2008
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