AUTOMOTIVE/TRANSPORT AUGMENTED REALITY


Holographic HUDs deliver improved safety and functionality


C


ar makers Hyundai and Jaguar are investing in augmented reality


head-up displays (HUDs), as evidenced by a recent $50m funding round. Envisics raised the finance in series C funding led by Hyundai Mobis, with additional investments from InMotion Ventures, the investment arm of Jaguar Land Rover, and Stellantis. Envisics’ holographic


technology uses dual-image planes to project images at both near (2.5m) and far (20-20m) distances across three lanes. The company, which supplied the first automotive display to Jaguar in 2010, says its systems are 40% smaller and 50% more energy-efficient than conventional HUDs.


Augmented reality displays


overcome limitations of traditional HUDs – primarily the two-dimensional presentation in a small area. These slowed adoption as they didn’t prove particularly useful or effective for the driver. The newer systems are anticipated to deliver the improved safety and functionality features that HUDs once promised. General Motors will be the


first company to deploy the Envisics’ technology in its 2024 Cadillac Lyric. BMW will also incorporate augmented reality heads-up displays in its Neue Klasse car models in 2025, which the company announced at CES 2023. BMW’s display will project


across the entire width of the windscreen, creating a unique


FRONTIERS PHOTONICS


A driver’s view of BMW’s Panoramic Vision


interaction and information surface for all occupants. This is done through projecting a higher light intensity and contrast onto a dark-coated area at the lower edge of the windscreen. “The windscreen becomes


a single large display with our new BMW Panoramic Vision, opening up completely new


possibilities for the design of our vehicles,” said Frank Weber, Member of the Board for Development at BMW. The AR HUD market is


entering a growth phase and is forecast to deliver a compound annual growth rate of 28%, growing from 1.6m units in 2022 to 19.1m in 2032. l


CMOS CAMERAS


Imaging systems to make automotive sheet metal safer


S


cientists at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich,


Switzerland, are using a CMOS camera to study the response of automotive sheet metal to gross deformities that occur during forming and crashes. The researchers developed a


novel axisymmetric V-bending device that identifies and measures the weakest direction of fracture strains in different types of sheet metal. ‘Plane strain’ tension is one


of the most critical loading conditions leading to ductile failure during metal forming and car crashes. Therefore, knowing the fracture strain and weakest orientation for stress is very crucial for the safe use of sheet metal in automobile design. In most plane strain tension


fracture experiments, metals are tested in one orientation at a time, hence several tests with


different orientations have to be performed. The new CMOS approach tests all orientations at once and determines which orientation has the lowest fracture strain under plane strain tension. Using their new device, the scientists performed experiments on two widely-used aluminium alloys and two types of steel. Disc-shaped samples of the different metals were bent over a tubular knife with a diameter of 54mm. Pressure load was applied by a 250kN electro-mechanical testing machine with a crosshead speed of 2mm/min. To allow for the digital image


correlation (DIC) necessary for analysis, a random pattern with a white background and black speckles was applied to the metals. An SVS-Vistek hr25CCX CMOS CoaXPress camera equipped with a 55mm f2.0 lens was used to take images of the test at 2fps and a spatial


The axisymmetric V-bending device used to measure the weakest direction of fracture strains in sheet metal. The CMOS camera and ring light are marked by (6)


resolution of 14μm/pixel. An LED ring light was mounted on the lens, evenly lighting the whole specimen surface during the experiment. Images from the experiments were processed with VIC-2D DIC software to measure in-plane full-field displacements and strains. Strain fields were computed using a Gaussian filter. The CMOS camera took images of the entire


top surface of the metal specimens throughout the experiment, allowing for timely crack detection and strain measurements correlated against the images. The set-up probed all material directions in one single experiment and determined the least ductile material orientation for low strain, therefore saving time without compromising analysis quality. l


Photonics Frontiers 2023 31


Beerli et al.


BMW AG


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