positive samples, it is important to consider contamination levels that may create a risk of reduced performance. For example, in 2022, 39% of analyses were above performance risk threshold, representing a 4% increase from 2021.
3. Mycotoxins to Watch: Fumonisin (FUM), Vomitoxin (DON) and Zearalenone (ZEN) remain the top three mycotoxins of concern. Over the past year, ZEN analyses above performance risk increased to 51% while FUM and DON remained elevated at 40% and 62%, respectively.
Ingredient trends: 1. Corn: 75% of corn-based ingredients (including all by-products) analyses were positive for at least one mycotoxin, and 39% were above performance risk thresholds. DON (63%), ZEN (55%), FUM (44%), and T2 (33%) were most frequently above performance risk levels in corn group analyses.
2. Cereals : 81% of cereal-based ingredients analysed were positive for at least one mycotoxin, and 44% were above performance risk thresholds. In 2022, DON (66%), ZEN (31%), T2 toxin (T2) (28%), and Aflatoxin (AFL) (25%) were most frequently above performance risk levels in cereal group analyses.
3. Oilseeds : 64% of oilseeds-based ingredients analyses were positive for at least one mycotoxin, and 22% were above performance risk thresholds. ZEN (64%), T2 (24%), and AFL (15%) were most frequently positive amongst analyses and presented the highest over performance risk thresholds. Oilseeds had the lowest contamination concern.
Regional trends: Regions with the highest mycotoxin prevalence and risk levels include China, Asia, North America, and Europe. Conversely, the Middle East and Africa (MEA), Central and South America, and Russia show lower risk, though Russia (+11%) and MEA (+9%) have increased overall risk rates.
• Asia : AFL remained the highest risk in cereals and FUM in corn-based ingredients.
• Central and South America : Mycotoxins from Fusarium moulds (ZEN, FUM, DON) represented significant risks for corn and cereals-based ingredients.
• China : Main concern was DON, ZEN and FUM in corn; DON and ZEN in cereals and ZEN in oilseeds.
• North America : DON remained a concern in corn and ZEN levels increased, particularly in the Northeast corn belt. FUM levels remained high in the Southern corn belt.
• Europe : DON still represented a high risk in cereals and corn- based ingredients. ZEN risk also increased in oilseeds.
• MEA : Increased overall risk with a 9% jump in the region from 2021. Substantial increases in ZEN, T2, FUM, and DON, to a lower extent, particularly in corn.
• Russia : Russia remains the region with the lowest mycotoxin rate; however, in 2022, we observed an 11% increase from 2021. T2, DON and ZEN contamination rates all doubled.
Species trends: • Bovine : DON and ZEN are most important to watch out for performance consideration in all regions. AFL is also a critical one, particularly in Asia, for dairy, calf and heifer.
• Poultry : FUM and ZEN are the two big culprits in most regions. Other culprits are DON (China, America, Europe), T2 (MEA, Europe, NA, Russia) and AFL (mainly Asia). It’s important to consider ZEN as impacting all subspecies (and not only breeders or layers) and DON, which can impair growth performance even with a few hundred ppb.
• Swine : DON and FUM are the two big villains in most regions. Other culprits are AFL in Asia and T2 in Russia and Africa. It’s essential to pay attention to ZEN levels as we see an increase vs. last year. ZEN impacts reproduction parameters for sow and can lower growth performance for all species with severe effects when combined with other mycotoxins.
In addition to the risk management data provided in the report,
Cargill can help to answer this critical question: What is the right approach to manage mycotoxins for my operation? As a user and producer working alongside customers around
the globe, Cargill developed a first-of-its-kind Mycotoxin Impact Calculator (MIC) to address this question. This in-house tool is the latest in Cargill’s toolbox to help us and customers identify and mitigate mycotoxins with data-backed insights to maximize performance and outcomes for animals and producers’ bottom line.
“Our customers need real-time actionable data to help them
make sound decisions for their business. Thanks to our data centralization efforts and decision-making tools, Cargill helps to characterize mycotoxin risk for each situation to adopt the appropriate solution,” says the author of the report, Clement Soulet, global additive category manager for Cargill’s animal nutrition business. The complete 2022 World Mycotoxin Report can be found online
or by emailing:
mycotoxins@cargill.com.
PAGE 42 MARCH/APRIL 2023 FEED COMPOUNDER
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