Feature: Power Supplies


Figure 2: Line Regulation


Figure 3: Load Regulation


Line Regulation Te ability of a Low Dropout Regulator (LDO) to maintain a constant output despite variations in the supply voltage. Figure 2 illustrates the Line Regulation, showing the supply voltage varying from 1.25V to 1.55V, with a nominal voltage of 1.4V. Te LDO output voltage has a 2 percent variation with nominal LDO voltage at 1.1V.


Load Regulation Load regulation refers to an LDO’s ability to maintain a constant output voltage with changes in load current. Figure 3 illustrates load regulation as the load current increases from 0 to 20 µA, showing a 5 per cent variation in the output voltage as the load current rises.


Tere are many different varieties of Low-Dropout Regulators


(LDOs) to choose from. NMOS pass element LDOs offer higher bandwidth and better stability, while PMOS pass element LDOs provide better dropout voltage. Additionally, capacitor-less LDOs eliminate the need for external capacitors, reducing costs, whereas capacitor-based LDOs improve transient response. Output pole dominant LDOs offer better load regulation and


stability at higher currents, while input-pole dominant systems primarily focus on stability compensation. Based on the application, we need to choose among these


combinations to create a custom LDO design. LDOs play critical role in consumer electronics, processor design, automotive applications by ensuring stable power delivery.


www.electronicsworld.co.uk June 2025 35


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