Standards & Regulations IoT standards and protocols guide
The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionised the way we live and work. Fresh uses include smart water management, smart farming, micromobility, self-driving enablement and connected vehicles. With the proliferation of IoT devices, protocols and standards ensure that the devices function correctly and communicate smoothly with each other.
Embedded electronics design consultancy ByteSnap has extensive experience in designing and developing reliable and secure IoT devices that meet regulatory requirements and industry standards. With this in mind, its engineers have put together a guide on IoT protocols and standards; why they matter, the most common ones and what to consider in the design process.
An overview
IoT protocols are guidelines, or a set of rules and standards on how devices should work, communicate and exchange data within an IoT network. They define device connectivity, interoperability, security, and privacy within IoT systems. In the context of the IoT the protocols take into account the unique requirements of IoT devices, including limited processing power, memory and energy. IoT protocols are designed to provide reliable and efficient comms between devices, minimise bandwidth use
18 June 2024
and keep power consumption low. IoT standards, meanwhile, define the requirements for IoT devices and systems. They can cover a wide range of topics, such as security, interoperability, and data formats. IoT standards are constructed and maintained by organisations and bodies that specialise in setting technical guidelines, frameworks and best practices for IoT. Prominent organisations include the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC); Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE);
Components in Electronics
Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC); Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF); Thread Group; Connectivity Standards Alliance. Among key international standards are ISO/IEC 30141:2018; ISO/IEC 27030:2020 and ISO/IEC 21823-3:2021.
Bluetooth and Wi-Fi are examples of commercial IoT standards and protocols that are widely used. The commercial IoT industry is still growing, with more protocols and standards emerging to meet the demand for streamlined, user-friendly devices in the consumer electronics market.
Choosing the right IoT product design standards and protocols for your project
Common IoT communication protocols include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, LoRaWAN, and MQTT; while common IoT security standards include Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), Matter and Transport Layer Security (TLS).
Choosing the right IoT protocol or standard for a project will depend on several factors within a spec - such as the type of device, the data transfer rate, power consumption, and range requirements.
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