Automotive
Figure 2: Block diagram of NXP EIS enabled devices.
an insight into parts that surface thermistors can’t easily see. With simple preconditions, the system can estimate internal temperature and keep gradients under control, supporting faster, safer charging across seasons and duty cycles.
Making EIS production ready Vehicle battery packs are noisy environments, where wiring, connectors, and layout can distort measurements. Good engineering practices including clean calibration, smart placement, and synchronized sampling can keep signals trustworthy, however. When it comes to EIS, it’s necessary to line up the timing between current and voltage measurements, account for the harness, and verify results against known references. This is where NXP´s hardware-based synchronization comes into play and provides the unique capability to robustly couple all measurements and the excitation to nano-second level. Energy efficiency matters, practically EIS implementations reuse existing power- electronics paths, so the small AC ripple needed for measurement doesn’t waste energy or range. Well-designed systems can measure during charging and, when appropriate, while the vehicle is parked.
What this means for EV engineering and infrastructure
An EIS-aware BMS brings three practical benefits together. It makes fast charging safer by detecting early signs of plating and adjusting current before harm occurs, for starters. It also improves thermal insight by estimating internal temperature and spotting gradients that external sensors miss.
Finally, it enables earlier fault detection – from tab issues to small internal shorts – so teams can intervene before minor
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problems become major ones. Combined with secure, cloud-ready data flows, fleets and charge-point operators gain verifiable battery health records that support warranty defence, residual-value modelling, and second-life planning.
Accurate EIS measurements require precise synchronization between the excitation signal, cell voltage acquisition, and current measurement. This becomes particularly challenging in centralized BMS architectures, where multiple Battery Cell Controller (BCC) ICs measure cell voltages, while current is typically measured only once at the battery stack level.
Achieving high accuracy in EIS requires not only advanced instrumentation and wiring but also rigorous error modelling, correction and validation protocols. These considerations are essential for reliable diagnostics, especially in applications involving dynamic loads or high- frequency signal environments, such as buses with high regenerative braking or delivery vehicles with frequent stop-start cycles.
A smarter future for battery management systems
All of this is worth the effort, however, as EIS unlocks smarter thermal management, adaptive fast-charge limits, and earlier safety actions, along with flagging imbalance and degradation trends. Bringing EIS into the BMS doesn’t just add a new measurement – it raises the standard for battery management, benefiting both manufacturers and consumers.
And as technology is implemented more widely? EIS will shift from a specialist tool to an embedded staple, helping the industry to charge faster, operate safer, and meet regulatory goals with evidence, not estimates.
https://www.nxp.com/ Components in Electronics February 2026 23
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