BOILERS & HOT WATER
Efficiency benefits of modern steam boilers explained
There are numerous industries, processes and applications where steam boilers are still used. Thanks to their efficiency, versatility, and reliability in generating steam for various purposes, they are widely used in commercial and industrial buildings for space heating, hot water and process hot water production. However the latest innovations in steam boilers are reaching new heights in efficiency
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n healthcare facilities, they are used for sterilisation of medical equipment and supplies; and within the food and beverage industry for cooking and distilling applications. And so, the list goes on, with manufacturers using steam boilers throughout the petrochemical, pharmaceutical, textiles, paper and pulp industries and many others. Processes and applications using steam have revolutionised over the years, however, the same cannot be said for steam boilers themselves. However, Fulton believes this has changed with the launch of its VSRT vertical steam boiler.
Claimed to be the most radical change to vertical steam boiler design since it first pioneered the vertical tubeless boiler in 1949, the VSRT has seen many users benefitting from excellent savings in gas and water consumption and reductions in CO2 and NOX emissions. At launch, the seven-model VSRT range was available with outputs from 160 to 960 kg/h, but with demand increasing for an energy efficient boiler with larger outputs, the company is now expanding its range and introducing two new, re-designed VSRTs (VSRT-100 and VSRT-125) with outputs of 1565 and 1956 kg/h. But what are the benefits of these two larger output models for end users?
“These models are ground-breaking for their output range. When you consider the new models, there are no truly efficient tubeless vertical steam boilers in the marketplace with similar output ranges, the VSRT is the only tubeless boiler with the capability of efficiently producing nearly two tonnes per hour of steam. In short, what we are delivering with these new models is much higher output versions
without compromising efficiency,” says Fulton’s managing director Carl Knight. The models maintain exceptionally high operating efficiencies (up to 86% gross thermal efficiency compared to approximately 80% from typical boiler designs), which results in lower operating and lifecycle costs and improved return on investment. In fact, using the lower-output VSRTs as an example, many of Fulton’s customers are achieving fuel savings of between 20% and 30%, with the University of East Anglia reporting a reduction in gas consumption from a recent installation of nearly 28% and over 57% for water. In addition to the gas and water savings, the University’s sustainability report also identified an 85-tonne reduction in CO2 annually, savings that can be credited towards its Net Zero goals, and an approximate 40% reduction in NOX emissions throughout the burner firing range. The VSRT-100 and VSRT-125 are expected to achieve the same savings. Like lower output models, the latest VSRTs boast the same high 10:1 turndown capability and continue to achieve ultra-low NOX emissions of less than 20ppm or 40mg/Nm3 at 3% O2, which falls below MCPD’s requirement of <100mg/Nm3., The VSRT also therefore complies with the stringent City of London Air Quality Strategy requirements. These energy-saving and environmentally beneficial features are standard across the now expanded range. The VSRT is a durable and, in many cases, compact boiler that is energy- efficient, produces an increased output of higher quality steam and is easy to maintain. So how do the new VSRTs compare to other steam raising solutions with similar outputs? The VSRTs are tubeless with the capability of efficiently producing nearly two tonnes per hour
of steam. To achieve similar outputs, end users would have to consider horizontal shell and tube boilers or steam generators. The water volume of the VSRT is equivalent to or greater than these alternatives yet, combined with an impressive steam chest volume, can react quickly to changes in steam demand. And despite the larger water volume, the larger VSRTs boast a start-up time of less than one hour and achieve a steam quality of >99.75%, a detail most manufacturers are unwilling to publish.
Thanks to its design, the patented spiral-rib heat exchanger virtually eliminates thermal stress, so the company has therefore created a longer-lasting boiler that not only improves boiler efficiency but also durability. This is why all VSRTs come with the assurance of a 10-year warranty on the pressure vessel, double that of the industry standard. With features including a vertical tubeless design with no refractory whatsoever, and thanks to its industrial control platform and easy access to the pressure vessel, the steam boiler is also easy to maintain. Additionally, as it contains no refractory there is no requirement for five-yearly, non-destructive testing, which contributes to reduced lifecycle costs when compared to standard horizontal boilers. Efficiency and operation stats aside, the steam boiler’s footprint can be as little as 25% of an equivalent horizontal boiler, a significant saving when designing buildings, and a major factor when considering the lease cost of real estate. But what does this all mean for the end user in terms of lifecycle costs?
The following 15-year comparative costs example uses a single boiler installation. Here, a typical three-pass, horizontal shell and tube steam boiler (without economiser) is replaced by Fulton’s new VSRT-125, both firing on natural gas, with each boiler having a steam output of 1,956kg/h. For this comparison, we have conservatively assumed the VSRT to be 20% more efficient than an equivalent horizontal boiler; and that each boiler has a total annual run time of 4,200 hours.
Lifecycle Service/Maintenance Costs (Inspections, etc.)
Horizontal Boiler: £68,700.00 VSRT Boiler: £39,000.00
Additional Recommended & Mandatory Maintenance Costs (NDT, Inspections, etc.) Horizontal Boiler: £36,954.00 VSRT Boiler: £4,400.00
Extraordinary Maintenance & Repair Costs (D Patch, Re-tube, Refractory) Horizontal Boiler: £44,000.00 VSRT Boiler: £2,000.00
Fuel Costs (Based on 0.06p per kW/h inc. Standing Charge)
Horizontal Boiler: £5,862,213.00 VSRT Boiler: £4,594,060.80
Footprint Costs (Based on £9/sqft/annum) Horizontal Boiler: £74,250.00 VSRT Boiler: £19,440.00
Total Lifecycle Costs (Exc. Supply and Water Treatment)
Horizontal Boiler: £6,167.765.00 VSRT Boiler: £4,700,300.80.00
In summary, as these figures demonstrate, with lifecycle cost savings approaching £1.5 million over 15 years and payback achieved within a matter of months, Fulton’s VSRT delivers a solution to help with both the financial and environmental challenges that are at the forefront of mind for many decision makers.
26 BUILDING SERVICES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER SEPTEMBER 2023
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