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ELECTRICAL SERVICES
The importance of phase rotation testing in buildings
Steve Dunning, managing director of Martindale Electric explores the basics of phase rotation and why it is so important for building services engineers to test the phase rotation of their electrical systems
Caspian Fan Convectors go hand-in-hand with heat pumps
C
orrect three phase connection and installation is a highly important aspect of electrical systems in both industrial and commercial buildings. One key measurement to ensure correct operation is phase rotation. In simple terms this refers to the order in which the three phases of an alternating current (AC) system are connected. Correct installation is essential for ensuring the proper operation of electrical equipment and appliances, as well as for ensuring the safety of workers. For building services engineers looking to maintain the efficiency of electrical systems, testing the phase rotation of their electrical infrastructure is crucial, the consequences of incorrect phase rotation can be extremely serious. Phase rotation measurement is used to check the order in which the phases of an alternating
current (AC) system are connected. In the UK, the three phases are known as L1(Brown), L2(Black) and L3(Grey) where the peak of each AC signal is 120 degrees apart. Phase rotation measurement is important as incorrect connection, therefore rotation, can cause problems which can include:-
• Reduced efficiency of electrical equipment and appliances. For example, motors may run slower, draw more current or rotate incorrectly, leading to increased energy usage and higher energy bills.
• Damage to equipment can occur due to overheating, electrical components may be damaged. Electromechanical relays could nuisance trip or fail
As highlighted above, getting the phase sequence wrong can have devastating consequences for plant and machinery with serious implications for machine safety. To avoid problems, it is important to test the phase rotation of an electrical system using good quality, safe, electrical test equipment. This can help to ensure that the system is connected and functioning properly and that it is safe for use. Specific test equipment is available to help you in the process.
For example, Martindale Electric’s PSI4000 and PSI4300 non-contact phase sequence indicators can quickly and accurately identify three-phase sequences for motor installations and other systems. Designed for use on both insulated and non-insulated conductors, they carry out measurements via inductive crocodile clips, which can be simply clipped on to speed up testing and reduce the risk of coming into contact with live parts. LEDs provide a clear indication of phase rotation and have a high intensity setting for working in strong ambient light. Both models also offer a buzzer indicator. Similar in function the PSI4000 provides a correct indication for clockwise sequence, as used in the building facilities industry, while the PSI4300 provides a correct indication for anticlockwise sequence as used, for example, in power utilities.
Another solution is the PC15250 phase rotation indicator, which has been specifically designed to quickly and simply prove the presence of all three live phases (or identify which are faulty) and show the sequence of phase rotation when all three phases are confirmed as present.
In addition, a range of tools such as the VT28 Voltage Indicator and the ET4000 and ET4500 18th Edition multi-function testers, can be used to provide phase sequence indication in addition to their main functions.
- Able to operate at Mean Water Temperatures as low as 40°C
- Now available with Smart control for precise and accurate control
- Low water content for rapid response times
- Manufactured in the UK for short lead times
- 5 year warranty
01245 324900 |
sales@smithsep.co.uk SmithsEP.co.uk | @SmithsEP_UK | #ThinkSmiths
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www.bsee.co.uk 05/09/2022 15:11 BUILDING SERVICES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER MARCH 2023 7
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