Displays
(VR, AR and MR). These span the application spectrum from in-vision display to augment warehouse workers to the virtual reality of the metaverse, an immersive 3D alternative reality. Head mounted wearables incorporating
displays in the field of view are required for all these applications to create a comfortable and high-resolution image for the viewer. However, the current technologies have a number of problems that are yet to be solved. Holography, in the form of the HOEs described earlier, could provide a key part of the solution. The optical issues can be summarised as
follows. Images generated by a display must be somehow transferred into the field of view of the eyes, which is very wide. The brightness and optical attributes such as persistence and flicker must be suitable for the application. And the synchronisation and focus of the two eye displays must be such that it reduces visual fatigue and nausea. To this must be added some practical needs.
The wearable will be head mounted so must be low weight and low power, and affordable at the price point of the application. It is in these areas that HOEs look set to achieve success. A strong candidate for this optical
configuration is to generate the image on a micro-OLED screen, couple this into a flexible waveguide and in turn couple the output into the field of view of the eyes. From a business perspective, the field has already seen some acquisition activity and we look set to see holographic knowledge and capabilities being of significant interest in this area.
THE FUTURE On-line interaction is one of the legacies of the pandemic, but the desktop or smartphone screens we have used for this are probably only one step on the road. For various social and commercial reasons, a mass market need looks set to be constructed for the next generation of smart, mobile devices. Head mounted wearables are appearing as a strong candidate, with holography playing a significant role in the implementation.
There are other hardware technologies that will aid the integration of HOEs into head mounted wearables. Printed optical features look set to feature in this both on micro and macro scales. Wholly printed lenses on an eye and pixel scale are technologies that are already established in ophthalmic and display optics. These technologies could provide further
opportunities across a number of sectors. Printed optical features could find further application in the field of product and brand protection. In addition to opportunities in consumer and industrial devices, these head mounted wearables could unlock further opportunities across sectors. It is clear that holography and holographic techniques look set to play a significant part in this future.
International Hologram Manufacturers Association (IHMA)
www.ihma.org Instrumentation Monthly October 2022 35
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