• • • SURGE & CIRCUIT PROTECTION • • •
IMPROVING SURGE PROTECTION
Millions of surge protection units in the field are not providing adequate protection for today’s microprocessor-based equipment. As John Mitchell, global business development manager at supply, installation and repair specialist CP Automation explains, surge protection devices (SPDs) must be brought up to speed
S
PDs are designed to prevent excess voltage appearing at the terminals of sensitive equipment. A voltage spike typically lasts
one to 30 microseconds and may reach over 1,000 volts, while a longer-term voltage surge can last for seconds, minutes or hours. High voltage surges are normally covered by
surge protectors. However, traditional SPDs do not account for low level transient surges. These transient surges in the sine wave are very damaging to electrical equipment, as the additional peaks and troughs in the sine wave cause confusion to sensitive devices and machines. Transient surges can lead to false zero
crossings of the sine wave — the instantaneous point at which there is no voltage present. In a sine wave, this normally occurs twice during each cycle. Devices can be falsely triggered because of fast changing signals caused by transients. Typical surge protection devices are unable to prevent this confusion, because they are only triggered by voltage.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES
Part of the issue surrounds the increased use of variable frequency drives (VFDs), which control the frequency and voltage supplied to an electric motor. By adopting VFDs, many businesses reduce energy costs. However, VFDs are highly susceptible to changes in power quality. Power quality issues can be caused by an
anomalous event such as a lightning strike to the grid, or by lower level transient surges. If transients are not accounted for, they can lead to confusion in
VFDs, such as false zero crossings, false triggering of diodes and timing issues. A basic SPD may be used alongside a VFD to mitigate the damaging impact of high-power surges, yet many users are still faced with unexplainable lockups, downtime and even failures in surge protection caused by low level switching transient events.
CNC MACHINES
Modern computer numerical control (CNC) machines are often marketed as requiring much less maintenance than their predecessors. The increased complexity of these machines does present some challenges. As with VFDs, these machines are also at the mercy of power quality. To operate effectively, it is imperative that CNC
machines are equipped with the right tools, settings and programming. The wrong choices can spell disaster for both the product and the CNC machine. One of the most important considerations relates to ensuring good power quality. A poor power signal can cause issues with
random lockups, loss of synchronisation and other ‘no trouble found’ service calls. Partially, this is due to the computer processors of CNC machining centres becoming more complex. Transient surges can lead to loss of synchronisation and unexplained reboots or resets in CNC machines — a huge headache for factory managers.
FIGHTING BACK
To eliminate the effects of low-level switching transient events, transient protection systems such
30 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING • NOVEMBER 2020
as SineTamer offer a new opportunity to protect valuable assets from the transient events that occur millions of times each day. Its frequency attenuation network monitors the frequency, not just the voltage. The engineered transient disturbance filter is
designed to monitor all 360 degrees of the sine wave, making it capable of detecting rapid changes in frequency. This vigilance in turn prevents issues caused by false zero crossings of the sine wave.
ENHANCING EXISTING DEVICES
Improving surge protection may not require an entire overhaul of existing protective equipment. Today, the industry has access to add-on transient dissipation filters (TDFs), which enhance the capabilities of existing surge arrestors. The new range of devices give existing surge
arrestors the ability to track the frequency of electrical current waveforms, and in turn react to transient surges. Low-level transient surges in the electrical system can then be detected and filtered before they harm sensitive equipment, all while using old surge protection equipment. Whether facility managers choose to completely
update their surge protection devices, or take the TDF approach by enhancing what they already have, the bottom line will benefit greatly. Effective power quality filtering results in less downtime, re- boots and general headaches for workers, which enables higher productivity.
CP AUTOMATION 01724 851 515
cpaltd.net
electricalengineeringmagazine.co.uk
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52
