FEATURE COVER
SHIFT IN COOLANT PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
IAT OAT
Coolant Acid/Additive HOAT NOAT NOAT refers to Nitrite Organic Acid
Technology coolants formulation while NAP – Free refers to Nitrites, Amines and Phosphate free coolants formulation. Asian OEMs are more inclined to use
HOAT-based coolants that contain both organic acids as well as inorganic com- pounds but have lower concentrations of silicate compared to traditional IAT cool- ants. HOAT coolants also have a life of
150,000 miles or five years (whichever comes first) in light-duty applications and up to three years or 500,000km (whichever comes first) in heavy-duty applications with the help of SCAs. Most of the leading coolant suppliers in China, such as China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec Group) and China National Pe- troleum Corporation (CNPC), are current- ly supplying HOAT-based coolant prod- ucts.
In fact, going one step further are high-
ly economically advanced country mar- kets, such as Germany and Japan, that
PHOAT coolant formulation is similar to HOAT type of formulation, except for the additive component which is phosphate in place of silicate used in HOAT products.
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are pioneering the use of silicated OAT (Si-OAT) and phosphate HOAT (PHOAT) coolants. Si-OAT coolants, which are for- mulated with organic acid technology and further inhibited with silicate addi- tives, are particularly recommended for high-pressure aluminum engines, where protection is of utmost importance. PHOAT coolant formulation is similar to HOAT type of formulation, except for the additive component which is phos- phate in place of silicate used in HOAT products. Some examples of the leading German OEMs using Si-OAT formula- tions are Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz, and Volvo; leading Japanese OEMs using PHOAT formulations are Honda, Toyota, and Subaru. While highly advanced nations have almost entirely moved away from tra- ditional IAT-based coolants toward new organic formulations, the shift to organic formulations is catching up slowly in de- veloping nations. The penetration of Si- OAT and PHOAT-based coolant remains low in developing countries due to the cost consciousness of consumers in these countries. Typically, advanced Si-OAT or PHOAT-based coolants are 1.5 to 2 times the price of IAT-based coolants, which renders these products cost-prohibitive amongst cost-conscious users. Another important development in the automotive industry that is driving changes in coolant formulation is the proliferation of electric vehicles (EV). Na- tions around the world are embracing the era of e-mobility, and the electric vehicle market is experiencing explosive growth.
P-HOAT NAP-Free
SOAT
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Modern vehicles have engines that are downsized and have higher power density compared to conventional vehicles. These engines function at higher temperatures and need to be supported by cooling fluids that can offer good heat removal and robust corrosion protection properties.
Thermal management systems in EVs are of supreme importance for ensuring ex- tended driving range, improved battery life, and safety in these vehicles. There- fore, auto manufacturers are currently optimizing these vehicles with several designs for thermal management, such as air-cooling, in-direct liquid cooling, and direct liquid or immersion cooling. Currently, the majority of EVs use indi-
rect cooling technology, where the coolant does not come in direct contact with heat- ed batteries. These coolants are used in a combination with water at a ratio of 50:50, as pure water offers good heat transfer
LUBEZINE MAGAZINE | JUNE 2023
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