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Centre Rez), lead; Doosan Škoda Power; Inpraise Systems; UJV Rez. Budget 4 million euro. Duration May 2019 to October 2024. Supported by Czech Technology Agency.
Inverter
Electric heater
Hot tank
The main aim of the sCO2 -4-NPP project was
to bring an innovative technology based on supercritical sCO2
for heat removal in nuclear
power plants closer to the market (to TRL5). The sCO2
-4-NPP project built on the results of a previous Horizon 2020 project sCO2
-HeRo, where
the technology was first developed and brought to experimental proof of concept stage (TRL3). The sCO2
-4-NPP technology would be a backup cooling system, attached to the principal, steam- based, cooling system, able to considerably delay or eliminate the need for human intervention (>72 hours) in case of accidents such as station blackouts.
The proposed backup cooling system is based on a closed Brayton cycle. In case of an accident, a safety valve opens to enable the release of the steam produced by the steam generator (PWR case) into the CHX (compact heat exchanger). The supercritical CO2
flows then through the turbine which is linked to the compressor and the generator on the same shaft. The supercritical CO2
flows through the
DUHS (diverse ultimate heat sink) to be cooled by heat exchange with ambient air, and then goes through the compressor to restore its initial pressure, returning to the CHX. Validation of the sCO2
-4-NPP cycle has
included use of the Reactor Glass Model and Konvoi simulator at the KSG|GfS simulator centre, Germany.
Thanks to the compact size and modularity of the envisaged system, it would be retrofittable into existing nuclear plants and incorporated in future plants under development.
Containment building
Secondary loop
p = 7 MPa T = 286°C
SG1 CHX Pel SG2 RPV DUHS Primary loop Pel sCO2-4-NPP cycle, PWR case (source sCO2-4-NPP) sCO2 -4-NPP module 2 DUHS sCO2 -4-NPP module 1
The basic goal of the SOLARSCO2OL (SOLAR based SCO2
to demonstrate a 2 MW sCO2
Operating Low-cost plants) project is cycle and MW-scale
electric heater, paving the way for near-term cost-competitive hybrid CSP– PV plants (first of a kind in the EU).
The project says it will develop an innovative, economically viable and easily replicable supercritical CO2
power block for integration with
CSP plants, increasing flexibility and reducing LCOE, promoting an innovative water-free power
Reactor building CHX Outdoor area The SOLARSCO2OLvision: PV/CSP hybrid integrated with sCO2 cycle (source SOLARSCO2OL)
The project was EU-funded via EURATOM. Budget 2 786 971 euro. Duration September 2019 to August 2022. Project participants: EDF (project co-ordinator); University of Stuttgart; Baker Hughes; Fives Cryo; KSG/GfS simulator centre; CVR (Research Centre Rez); Jozef Stefan Institute; University of Duisberg-Essen; UJV REZ (Nuclear Research Institute); Arttic. Funding received from Euratom, GA No. 847606.
is heated up in the CHX and
plant cycle layout, with fast-reactive electric heaters and highly efficient heat exchangers. Compared to organic and superheated steam- based Rankine cycles, sCO2
cycles achieve high
efficiencies over a wide temperature range (thus giving the opportunity to couple sCO2
power
blocks with molten salt CSP plants, existing and newly built), with lower CAPEX, lower OPEX, no use of water as operating fluid (a plus for CSP plants in arid locations), smaller system footprint, and greater operational flexibility.
SOLARSCO2OL aims to demonstrate the first MW Scale EU sCO2
power block operating in a real CSP plant. Project objectives: Demonstration of MW scale sCO2 cycle
(integrated with molten salt loop); Development of MW-scale simple-recuperated cycle, including new turbomachinery and heat exchanger designs;
Demonstration of MW scale molten salt electric heaters;
Techno-economic investigations of high temperature hybrid PV-CSP-sCO2
power plants.
The initial plan was direct integration of a sCO2 cycle with an operating CSP plant in southern
Spain, taking advantage of an existing molten salt system, with cooling and infrastructure (utilities). But this was frustrated due to new facility ownership, and a new site had to be found, resulting in project delays. The new site is the Evora Molten Salt Platform (EMSP) in Portugal. The project says it is adopting a conservative approach to the sCO2
cycle: turbine 565°C, 185.5
bar; compressor T = 33°C, P= 83:188 bar. Project duration Oct 2020 to July 2025. Budget 15 million euro, with 10 million euro coming from Horizon. Participants include: RINA (project co- ordinator); KTH (Kungliga Tekniska Hoegskolan); University of Evora; Moroccan Agency For Sustainable Energy; Ikerlan; University of Genova; Magtel; Franco Tosi; European Solar Thermal Electricity Association; Mas; Lointek; Baker Hughes; Seico; Abengoa; Ocmiotg; Certh; Ethniko Kentro Erevnas Kai Technologikis Anaptyxis; Bruno Presezzi Spa; Deutsches Zentrum Fur Luft - Und Raumfahrt; Build To Zero Energy Sociedad Limitada. Funding received from the EU’s Horizon 2020, GA No. 952953.
www.modernpowersystems.com | January/February 2024 | 15
Cold tank
Molten salt loop
rejection
sCO2 loop
sCO2 block power Heat To grid
Molten salt receiver
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