| Spotlight
was made of local natural stone and grouted with cement mortar. The dam is located at km 75+200 of the Bystrzyca River and closes a catchment area of 149.5km2 million m3
. The total capacity of the reservoir is 8.0 . A hydroelectric power station with three
Voith Francis turbine sets was built approximately 1km away from the dam ‘s downstream side. A steel pipeline with a 1.8m diameter runs from the dam to the power plant.
Investments after 1918 The regaining of Poland’s independence after the First
World War enabled the proper organisation of what is widely understood as water management. Plans for the development of water engineering attracted the interest of Gabriel Narutowicz (1865-1922), who was a professor at Zurich Polytechnic at the time. As a result of these efforts, he took a post of a Minister of Public Works on 23 June 1920. He undertook the organisation of water affairs, including setting up a hydrological service in 1921 and the standardisation of water legislation by issuing a decree on the consolidated text of the Water Law in September 1922. As a minister, he personally inspected water works and investments as well as determined plans for further work. He paid particular attention to using the Vistula River as a natural waterway and waterpower usage in the Podkarpacie rivers. In his works, he focused on the reservoir design in Porabka on the Sola. Gabriel Narutowicz was a proponent of the construction of a hydroelectric power station in the vicinity of Roznow (Prof. Karol Pomianowski was the initiator of the dam construction and the author of the first design) and pointed out other locations for dams and hydroelectric power stations, e.g. Czorsztyn (built only in 1975-97). He also contributed to issuing permission to construct the highest Polish dam in Solina (work started according to K. Pomianowski’s design in 1921; later interrupted several times due to the Second World War as well; finally, the dam was built in 1960-68). These dams are shown in Figure 14-17, and their basic technical parameters are summarised in Table 1. Gabriel Narutowicz was also the first Academy of Technical Sciences’ president, founded in 1920. His murder in December 1922, when he was elected as the first President of independent Poland, resulted in the loss of a significant authority in water engineering, one of the greatest in Europe at the time [Mikulski 1996. 2005].
Summary The development of water engineering in Poland
was very uneven due to the country’s complicated history. The first water engineering structures were built in the medieval period, followed by a boom
and the construction of many structures during the development of the Kingdom of Poland. The loss of independence at the end of the 18th century and a different approach to the issues of widely understood water management in each part of the country divided between the occupants caused severe regression. Poland remained on the periphery in the 19th century, the world’s golden age for water engineering. The regaining of independence in 1918 raised great hopes and ambitious projects were created, but the outbreak of the Second World War slowed down the development of hydro-engineering again. Poland, however, can be proud of world-unique water engineering structures and solutions, some of which are introduced and presented in this article.
Top left: Figure 14. The Porabka Dam and hydroelectric power station [
https://pl.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Zapora_Por%C4%85bka]
Top middle: Figure 15. The Roznow Dam and hydroelectric power station (photo: Jan Winter)
Top right: Figure 16. The Solina Dam and hydroelectric power station (photo: Jan Winter)
Author details
Jan Winter, Agnieszka Dabska and Bartosz Bednarz, Warsaw University of Technology; Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering; Division of Hydro-Engineering and Hydraulics
Below: Figure 17. The Czorsztyn Dam and hydroelectric power station (photo: Jan Winter)
Internet
[1]
https://polska-org.pl/892375,foto. html?idEntity=5170049. (04.01.2022)
[2]
https://polska-org.pl/3333378,foto. html?idEntity=5834987. (04.01.2022)
Bibliography [1] Mikulski Zdzisław: U źródeł władzy wodnej w Polsce, Gospodarka Wodna nr 1/1996.
[2] Mikulski Zdzisław: Gospodarka wodna od powstania pojęcia do początku czasopisma, Gospodarka Wodna nr 1/2005.
[3] Strumieński Olbrycht: O sprawie, sypaniu, wymierzaniu i rybieniu stawow, także o przekopch, o ważeniu i prowadzeniu wody. Książki wszystkim gospodarzom potrzebne. Kraków 1573. Reprint z przedmową Aleksandra Nyrka. Wydawnictwo Instytutu Śląskiego w Opolu. Opole 1987 r., s. V-XXXII.
[4] Taborska Małgorzata: Treatise by Olbrycht Strumieński (1573) — The First Polish Book on Hydraulic Engineering, Journal of Physical Science and Application 9 (2) (2019) 30-38; doi: 10.17265/2159-5348/2019.02.005.
[5] Winter Jan: Infrastruktura żeglugowa i drogi wodne w rejonie Wrocławia; Miasto Wrocław – przestrzeń komunikacji i transportu. Praca zbiorowa – redakcja Krzysztof Lewandowski. Politechnika Wrocławska, Polbud-PKS, Wrocław 2004 r., s. 121-140.
[6] Winter Jan: Budownictwo hydrotechniczne w Sudetach po powodzi w roku1897. Monitoring i bezpieczeństwo budowli hydrotechnicznych. Monografia w Serii Publikacji Naukowo-Badawczych IMGW-PIG, redakcja: Jan Winter, Andrzej Wita, Paweł Popielski, Edmund Sieinski, Warszawa 2019 r., s. 261-276.
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