Spotlight |
Above: Figure 11. The Pilchowice Dam and Reservoir (photo: Jan Winter)
an overflow, three dike culverts, and a weir below the dike culvert are the basic facilities of that reservoir. The facility was built under the Karkonosze Mountains in the early 20th century in 1913 (Figure 8).
Multi-purpose reservoirs with
Above: Figure 12. The Karpacz Dam (photo: Jan Winter)
constant head The turn of the 20th century was a period of dynamic hydropower development across the world. That period was also reflected in Otto Inze’s flood protection programmes on both sides of the Sudetenland. Apart from the strictly flood-related hydraulic structures already mentioned, such as dams on dry reservoirs, multi-purpose reservoir construction began on a grand scale, many of which have been and still are used today for power generation. Lesna. The dam in Lesna (Figure 1) on the Kwisa River is the oldest stone dam in Poland (Figure 10). The dam’s construction began on 5 October 1901. The laying of the foundation stone ceremonies was attended by the Minister of Agriculture, Wiktor von Pobielski, and the Overpresident of Silesia, Hermann von Hatzfeld. The dam opening ceremony, with an already filled reservoir, took place on 15 July 1905. The dam is located at km 89+750 of the Kwisa River at the mouth of a narrow valley. It closes a catchment area of 303.34km2
. The height of the
Below: Figure 13. The Lubachow Dam (photo: Jan Winter)
stone dam is 45m, the length and width at the crest are 130 and 8m, respectively, and the reservoir’s total capacity is 16.8 million m3
. A hydroelectric power station was also built below the dam between 1905
and 1907. What is interesting about constructing the power station is that it was built only with funds from the Silesian province. The first three turbine sets were put into operation in 1907, followed by two more a year later. It is the oldest hydroelectric power station in Poland. The equipment of the power station has been preserved to this day in a very good condition. It consists of six Francis-type turbines made by J. M. Voith in 1907 with a total capacity of 2.61MW and SSW generators from 1907 and the present ones. The Lesna Reservoir with the Zlotniki Reservoir, commissioned in 1924 and above the dam, protect the Kwisa River valley from flooding, apart from energy purposes. Pilchowice. The Pilchowice Dam (Figure 1) is the second-highest dam in Poland (after Solina) and the highest stone (arch) dam (Figure 11). Its height is 62m, and its length and width at the crest are 280 and 7.5m, respectively. It was designed by Professor Otto Intze and Dr. Curt Bachmann and built between 1904 and 1912 by the company B. Liebold & Co. AG (Holzminden/Berlin) under the direction of Alberto Cucchiero. The dam is located at km 196+513 of the Bobr River and closes a catchment area of 1208.7km2
capacity of 50.0 million m3
, creating a reservoir with a total . A 7.6MW power station
was built below the dam. The power station consists of 6 turbine sets with Francis turbines made by Voith (initially 5, but in 1921 it was extended with another hydro set with an active power of 145kW). Karpacz. The dam on the Lomnica River in Karpacz (Figure 1) is a beautiful stone arch structure made of granite blocks (Figure 12). Its construction was initiated by the 1897 flood caused by a cloudburst over Karpacz. That cloudburst destroyed bridges, streets and several houses and washed away the embankment of the newly built railway line. A decision was taken to carry out a flood prevention programme, which involved regulating the bed of the Lomnica River in many places. A dam was built between 1910 and 1915 due to the undertaken work. The dam’s function was not only to gather excess water. It also had to retain rock debris carried by water, which endangered local buildings. The dam crest is about 105m long, and the capacity of the resulting reservoir is about 540,000m3
.
Lubachow. The dam and power station were built between 1912 and 1917 (Figure 1). The dam is a gravity-type structure (Figure 13), arched in plan with a radius of 250m, a maximum height of 44m and a length of 230.5m. It is constructed a on rocky bedrock made of biotite gneisses. The dam body, with a width at the base of 29m and a crest of 3.5m,
14 | July 2023 |
www.waterpowermagazine.com
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