BRIEF | IT STARTED WITH A SAUSAGE
It was in the late 18th century that Justinus Christian Kerner, a physician in southern Germany, became the first to see the therapeutic potential of botulinum toxin. The toxin, produced under anaerobic conditions, is
a potent food-borne poison that causes botulism. An outbreak in southern Germany in 1815 among people who had eaten uncooked blood sausage led Kerner to publish two years later a precise description of the symptoms - from blurred vision to progressive muscle weakness, resulting in respiratory failure. Although he mistakenly believed the cause to be a fatty acid, he had a theory that minute quantities of the disease-producing
Alluzience®
compared to the placebo. Dr Joanna Czuwara,
associate professor in the department of dermatology at Warsaw Medical University, said: “The introduction of Alluzience®
marks a new era in treatment innovation for
upper facial lines in Europe. Like many aspects of physical appearance, glabellar lines can have a significant impact on patients’ confidence. It will allow me to optimise results and deliver patient satisfaction with more precision.” National approvals will now take place across Europe according to each country’s own approval procedures. Allergan spokeswoman Caroline Van Hove noted that Botox “ranks as the number one minimally invasive cosmetic procedure in the US, according to recent statistics from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons”. But its therapeutic uses outweigh the cosmetic. Type A is one of seven distinct botulinum toxins
produced by different strains of the bacterium. Each toxin type produces a different immunologic response and is made by a different manufacturing process. In the U.K. and Europe, Ipsen markets a Type A toxin as Dysport that differs slightly from Botox®
is made by Solstice Neurosciences and is sold as Myobloc® Neurobloc®
substance might be able to treat nervous system disorders. It wasn’t until 1897 that Emile Pierre-Marie van Ermengem, a Belgian professor of bacteriology, discovered the responsible bacterium. And what was once known as Kerner’s disease was renamed botulism from the Latin botulus for sausage.
. The only Type B toxin available /
. No other antigenic toxins are available for
therapeutic use. In the US, physicians are already using the toxin for a variety of off-label, or non-FDA-approved-- uses, including migraine headache, chronic low back pain, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and cerebral palsy. Outside the US, Botox®
is approved for the treatment of
juvenile cerebral palsy and adult spasticity. A major reason for its enduring popularity is that it’s convenient. It takes less than 30 minutes to treat crow’s feet and brow lines, for example. There is also no downtime and very little evidence that it’s been used.
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