strategy published earlier this year and which boasted of that country receiving more investment for the sector than France and German combined. President Joe Biden also announced more support for cyber security to defend against the next generation of faster supercomputers. His administration has set out a roadmap for updating US government systems for a supercomputer defence against possible attacks. As well as Jupiter, European Union (EU) member states are to have another four supercomputers, but at the petascale or less, across the EU for science and innovation. Greece, Hungary, Ireland and Poland, are expected to host the four supercomputers which will be available to researchers across the EU. Five other super computers are already operational in the EU member states, located from Finland to Portugal. Zettascale is the next frontier for fl oating point operations per


second. With zetta, industry hopes to be able to store and analyse data for security purposes as well as others, at a scale never before utilised. However, for cyber security the letter Q and the word qubit is becoming more important. While conventional computers have bits with either a one or zero state, qubits can take on an infi nite number of diff erent values. It is this probabilistic nature of quantum computation that allows it to calculate in seconds what would take a normal computer years. These tremendous capabilities that are possible with qubits means quantum computers are potentially able to break the cryptography upon which conventional super computing machines and the internet rely. The quantum computing threat to supercomputers represents a new stage in the technological arms race that has persisted for decades, fi rst with the Soviet Union and today increasingly between the West and a technologically advancing China.


ACCREDITATION Words | Rob Coppinger Photography | Shutterstock


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