Word classes – nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs


2


Note: The following common patterns will help in identifying word class. Words ending in: ■ ~th, ~ence, ~ity are usually nouns ■ ~ly are usually adverbs


Study tip


Allocate time on a weekly basis to review new words you have been learning.


2.2 Decide what word class would fill each gap in these sentences. Write v (verb), n (noun), adj (adjective) or adv (adverb) in the brackets after each gap.


1. Researchers have ( v ) that


some computer users are spending up to 15 hours a day at their machines.


2. E-commerce is a phenomenon.


3. A virus could potentially destroy the 4. Online


( 5. We’ve seen an enormous operate solely through the Internet.


6. The installation of anti-spam software can reaching your computer.


7. The new network system is


8. There are simple measures that can be taken to a victim of computer fraud.


9. The not in doubt. 10. Criminals have developed


bypass computer security systems. 11. Most experts recommend 12. All universities should


( ( ) sophisticated techniques to ) security checks. ( ) more computer facilities for students.


2.3 Complete the sentences in Ex 2.2 with words from Ex 2.1. In the case of verbs, pay attention to the ending required, e.g., ~s, ~ed, ~ing, etc.


Example: Researchers have discovered (v) that some computer users are spending up to 15 hours a day at their machines.


Task 3 Words belonging to two or more classes We noted in Task 1 that some words can belong to more than one word class.


Example: The word average can be a noun, a verb or an adjective. ■ In the years between 1982 and 1988, the economy grew at an average of nearly 3 per cent per year. (n)


■ Inflation averaged just under 2.8 per cent per year. (v) ■ The average cost of making a movie has risen by 15 per cent. (adj)


Vocabulary 17 ( ( ( ) sound. ( ) becoming ) of organized criminal gangs targeting the Internet is ) unwanted e-mails ( ) recent Study tip


It can be useful to link new words with any related synonyms and antonyms that you know. For example, growth: synonym – increase, antonym – decrease.


( ( ) database.


) is becoming an increasing problem in e-commerce. ) in the number of businesses that


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