LITERATURE UPDATE
the antibody-CRISPR/Cas nanocomplexes can effectively disrupt the plk1 gene in HER2-positive ovarian cancer, resulting in substantial suppression of tumour growth. The current study presents a useful therapeutic platform for antibody- mediated delivery of CRISPR/Cas for the treatment of various cancers and genetic diseases.
The CRISPR Revolution: Unraveling the mysteries of Life’s genetic code Harsij Z, Ghafoorzadeh Z, Goharian E. Gene. 2024 Jan 20;892:147870. doi: 10.1016/
j.gene.2023.147870.
A biotechnological revolution is triggered by CRISPR-Cas systems’ variety, measured quality, and proficiency. Identifying nucleic acid biomarkers, one of the methods that use CRISPR for diagnosis, is an extremely sensitive diagnostic method. A broad range of infectious and non-infecting diseases, mutations, and CRISPR deletions associated with genetic disorders have been detected using diagnostics. Furthermore, this technology is used to test proteins and micromolecules. Here, the authors focus on how Cas
proteins can be used to detect diseases in genes, agriculture, and cancer therapy. Furthermore, CRISPR technology has many negative impacts on the health of living organisms, environmental and population structures in spite of its numerous contributions to biomedical science. Therefore, an investigation into the impact of genome editing on non- targeted species is important for these reasons. CRISPR in the future is briefly discussed towards the end of this review.
CRISPR-based therapeutic targeting of signaling pathways in breast cancer Misra G, Qaisar S, Singh P. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2024 Jan;1870(1):166872. doi: 10.1016/
j.bbadis.2023.166872.
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of death for women worldwide, and new treatment strategies are needed. There are innumerable anomalous genes that are responsible for the multifactorial carcinogenesis pathway. Although several disease-causing mutations have been detected, therapy frequently focuses on attenuating the manifestation of the disease rather than harmonising the mutation in the target area. The advent of CRISPR-Cas9 technology has revolutionised genome editing, allowing for precise and efficient manipulation of gene expression.
The purpose of this review paper is to summarise recent progress in the use of
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CRISPR-based approaches have been used to target key signalling pathways associated with breast cancer progression (haematoxylin and eosin [H&E] stain).
CRISPR-based approaches to target key signalling pathways associated with breast cancer progression. The first section introduces basic concepts of CRISPR technology, focusing on its application in genome editing and transcriptional regulation, followed by an overview of aspects involving complex signalling pathways in breast cancer such as P13K/ AKT/mTOR, EPK/MAPK and Wnt/β catenin.
An extensive literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar is performed for information retrieval. Further, the role of CRISPR-based interventions in regulating gene expression revealed, altered pathway activity and potential therapeutic consequences are discussed. This review will be a valuable addition
to providing comprehensive knowledge of CRISPR-Cas-mediated therapeutic targeting in breast cancer.
CRISPR-Cas9 system: a novel and promising era of genotherapy for beta- hemoglobinopathies, hematological malignancy, and hemophilia Alayoubi AM, Khawaji ZY, Mohammed MA, Mercier FE. Ann Hematol. 2024 Jun;103(6):1805–17. doi: 10.1007/s00277- 023-05457-2.
Gene therapy represents a significant potential to revolutionise the field of haematology with applications in correcting genetic mutations, generating cell lines and animal models, and improving the feasibility and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Compared to different genetic engineering tools,
clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) CRISPR- associated protein 9 (Cas9) emerged as an effective and versatile genetic editor with the ability to precisely modify the genome.
The applications of genetic engineering in various haematological disorders have shown encouraging results. Monogenic haematological disorders can conceivably be corrected with single gene modification. Through the use of CRISPR-Cas9, restoration of functional red blood cells and haemostasis factors were successfully attained in sickle cell anaemia, beta- thalassaemia, and haemophilia disorders. The understanding of haemato-oncology has been advanced via CRIPSR-Cas9 technology. CRISPR-Cas9 aided to build a platform of mutated genes responsible for cell survival and proliferation in leukaemia.
Therapeutic application of CRISPR- Cas9 when combined with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in multiple myeloma and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was feasible with attenuation of CAR T cell therapy pitfalls. This review outlines the latest literature on the utilisation of CRISPR-Cas9 in the treatment of beta-haemoglobinopathies and haemophilia disorders. The authors present the strategies that were employed and the findings of preclinical and clinical trials. Also, the review will discuss gene engineering in the field of haemato-oncology as a proper tool to facilitate and overcome the drawbacks of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T).
JUNE 2024
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