LITERATURE UPDATE
that post-transcriptionally control the expression of genes by binding and degrading their target mRNAs. miRNAs can function as possible tumour suppressors or oncogenes in various cancers. Lately, miRNAs application as a biomarker (prognosis and diagnosis) for different diseases has gained much attention.
miRNAs exist in a stable form in several biological materials, including tissue, plasma, and serum. The non- invasive and easy screening of miRNAs in serum, blood, tissue, and other body fluids and acceptable stability make microRNA a noticeable factor as biomarkers in human malignancies. In this review, the authors searched some online databases like Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed to find eligible manuscripts up to the end of 2021.
Abnormal expressions of these molecules are associated with the incidence of many illnesses like cancer. Therefore, they are candidates as a molecular tool for non-invasive tumour prognosis and diagnosis. In the current study, the authors introduce important miRNAs that may be used as prognostic and diagnostic markers in lung cancer patients.
In conclusion, the latest reports about critical miRNAs related to the diagnosis and prognosis in lung patients are summarised.
microRNA Detection via Nanostructured Biochips for Early Cancer Diagnostics Martino S, Tammaro C, Misso G et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Apr 24; 24 (9): 7762. doi: 10.3390/ijms24097762.
MicroRNA (miRNA) are constituted of approximately 22 nucleotides and play an important role in the regulation of many physiological functions and diseases. In the last 10 years, an increasing interest has been recorded in studying the expression profile of miRNAs in cancer.
Real time-quantitative polymerase
chain reaction (RT-qPCR), microarrays, and small RNA sequencing represent the gold standard techniques used in the last 30 years as detection methods. The advent of nanotechnology has allowed the fabrication of nanostructured biosensors which are widely exploited in the diagnostic field. Nanostructured biosensors offer many advantages: i) their small size allows the construction of portable, wearable, and low-cost products; ii) the large surface-volume ratio enables the loading of a great number of biorecognition elements
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High-grade endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (haematoxylin and eosin [H&E] staining).
(eg probes, receptors); and iii) direct contact of the recognition element with the analyte increases the sensitivity and specificity inducing low limits of detection (LOD). In this review, the role of nanostructured biosensors in miRNA detection is explored, focusing on electrochemical and optical sensing. In particular, four types of nanomaterials (metallic nanoparticles, graphene oxide, quantum dots, and nanostructured polymers) are reported for both detection strategies with the aim to show their distinct properties and applications.
The role of microRNA-185 in the pathogenesis of human diseases: A focus on cancer Pordel S, Khorrami M, Saadatpour F et al. Pathol Res Pract. 2023 Sep; 249: 154729. doi: 10.1016/
j.prp.2023.154729.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a widely- studied class of non-coding RNAs characterised by their short length (18–25 nucleotides). The precise functions of miRNAs are not well- elucidated; however, an increasing number of studies suggest their involvement in various physiologic processes and deregulation in pathologic conditions.
miRNA-185 (miR-185) is among the most studied miRNAs in human diseases, which is found to play putative roles in conditions like metabolic disorders, asthma, frailty, schizophrenia, and
hepatitis. Notably, many cancer studies report the downregulation of miR- 185 in cell lines, tumour tissues, and plasma specimens of patients, while it demonstrates a suppressing role on the malignant properties of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, miR-185 can be considered a tumour suppressor miRNA in human malignancies, while a few studies also report inconsistent findings.
Being suggested as a prognostic/ diagnostic biomarker, miR-185 is also found to offer clinical potentials, particularly for early diagnosis and prediction of the prognosis of cancer patients. In this review, the authors have outlined the studies that have evaluated the functions and clinical significance of miR-185 in different human diseases with a particular focus on cancer.
An insight into the associations between microRNA expression and mitochondrial functions in cancer cell and cancer stem cell Tan WL, Subha ST, Mohtarrudin N, Cheah YK. Mol Biol Rep. 2023 Jun; 50 (6): 5395–405. doi: 10.1007/s11033- 023-08421-5.
The self-renew ability of cancer stem cells (CSCs) continues to challenge our determination for accomplishing cancer therapy breakthrough. Ineffectiveness of current cancer therapies to eradicate CSCs has contributed to chemoresistance and tumour recurrence. Yet, the discoveries of highly effective therapies have not been thoroughly
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Murali/Davidson/Fadare/Carlson Int J Gynecol Pathol Vol. 38, No. 1 Supplement 1, January 2019
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