LITERATURE UPDATE
Post-transcriptional gene regulation and the role of microRNAs
For their discovery of microRNAs, the Americans Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun received this year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Here, Pathology in Practice Science Editor Brian Nation compiles a selection of current research interest in these tiny RNA molecules that play a crucial role in health and disease.
MicroRNA-206 in human cancer: Mechanistic and clinical perspectives Bahari Khasraghi L, Nouri M, Vazirzadeh M et al. Cell Signal. 2023 Jan; 101: 110525. doi: 10.1016/ j.cellsig.2022.110525.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs approximately 20-25 nt in length, play important roles via directly binding to the corresponding 3’ UTR of target mRNAs. Recent research has shown that miRNAs cover a wide range of diseases, including several types of cancer. It is interesting to note that miR-206 operates as a tumour suppressor and is downregulated in abundant cancer types, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and so forth. Interestingly, a growing number of studies have also reported that miR- 206 could function as an oncogene and promote tumour cell proliferation. Thereby, miR-206 may act as either oncogenes or tumour suppressors under certain conditions.
In addition, it was widely acknowledged that restoring tumour- suppressor miR-206 has emerged as an unconventional cancer therapy strategy. Therefore, miR-206 might be a new- fangled procedure for achieving a more significant treatment outcome for cancer patients. This review summarises the role of miR-206 in several cancer types and the contributions made between miR-206 and the diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance of solid tumours.
MicroRNA: trends in clinical trials of cancer diagnosis and therapy strategies Kim T, Croce CM. Exp Mol Med. 2023 Jul; 55 (7): 1314–21. doi: 10.1038/ s12276-023-01050-9.
As a type of short non-coding RNAs,
MicroRNA can silence genes by binding to mRNA.
microRNA (miRNA) undoubtedly plays a crucial role in cancer development. Since the discovery of the identity and clinical functions of miRNAs, over the past few decades, the roles of miRNAs in cancer have been actively investigated. Numerous pieces of evidence indicate that miRNAs are pivotal factors in most types of cancer. Recent cancer research focused on miRNAs has identified and characterised a large cohort of miRNAs commonly dysregulated in cancer or exclusively dysregulated in specific types of cancer. These studies have suggested the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognostication of cancer. Moreover, many of these miRNAs have oncogenic or tumour-suppressive functions. MicroRNAs have been the focus
of research given their potential clinical applications as therapeutic targets. Currently, various oncology clinical trials using miRNAs in screening,
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diagnosis, and drug testing are underway. Although clinical trials studying miRNAs in various diseases have been reviewed before, there have been fewer clinical trials related to miRNAs in cancer. Furthermore, updated results of recent preclinical studies and clinical trials of miRNA biomarkers and drugs in cancer are needed. Therefore, this review aims to provide up-to-date information on miRNAs as biomarkers and cancer drugs in clinical trials.
MicroRNA-Based Biomarkers in Lung Cancer: Recent Advances and Potential Applications Shanehbandi D, Asadi M, Seyedrezazadeh E et al. Curr Mol Med. 2023 May 30; 23 (7): 648–67. doi: 10.2174/277243281766622052008 5719.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)
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