search.noResults

search.searching

saml.title
dataCollection.invalidEmail
note.createNoteMessage

search.noResults

search.searching

orderForm.title

orderForm.productCode
orderForm.description
orderForm.quantity
orderForm.itemPrice
orderForm.price
orderForm.totalPrice
orderForm.deliveryDetails.billingAddress
orderForm.deliveryDetails.deliveryAddress
orderForm.noItems
Infection prevention


containing wash mitts could have a role, on intact skin.25


A 12-month community evaluation found


the use of these mitts led to a reduction in the prescription of antibiotics for wound infections, a reduction in unwarranted infections and improvements in the quality of care delivered.26 The mitts could be used after discharge for periwound cleaning on intact skin, particularly for women with post-surgery mobility issues.


Conclusions As rates of Caesarean delivery continue to increase, interventions to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections become increasingly important. While there is no single solution a care bundle which includes presurgical decontamination, pre-surgery skin preparation, antibiotic prophylaxis and evidence-based skin and wound care is an excellent starting point. CSJ


Note: The words ‘mother’ and ‘mothers’ have been used throughout this article, as this is the way that the majority of those who are pregnant and having a baby will identify. It also includes people whose gender identity does not correspond with their birth sex or who may have a non-binary identity.


References 1. NHS Digital, 2024, https://digital.nhs.uk/data- and-information/publications/statistical/ maternity-services-monthly-statistics/ february-2024-experimental-statistics. Accessed 26th June 2024


2. Wloch C, Van Hoek AJ, Green N, et al, Cost– benefit analysis of surveillance for surgical site infection following caesarean section, BMJ Open 2020;10:e036919.


3. Health Innovation, West of England, Preventing Caesarean Birth Surgical Site Infection, 2023 https://www.healthinnowest.net/our-work/ transforming-services-and-systems/ preventing-surgical-site-infections/reducing- surgical-site-infection-caesarean-birth/ Accessed 26th June 2024


4. Stanirowski PJ, BizoƄ M, Cendrowski K, Sawicki W. Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Dialkylcarbamoyl Chloride Impregnated Dressings for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections in Adult Women Undergoing Cesarean Section.Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2016;17(4):427-435.


5. Leaper D. An overview of surgical site infection Review. Wounds UK, EWMA SPECIAL, 2015 p 14-19


6. Collins CR, Wick EC. Reflections on the Complexity of Surgical Site Infection Prevention and Detection from an Organizational Lens.Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2019;20(7):577-580.


7. WHO, June, 2021, Caesarean section rates 56 www.clinicalservicesjournal.com I October 2024


continue to rise, amid growing inequalities in access. Accessed 13th August 2024, at: https://www.who.int/news/item/16-06-2021- caesarean-section-rates-continue-to-rise- amid-growing-inequalities-in-access


8. Angolile CM, Max BL, Mushemba J, Mashauri HL. Global increased cesarean section rates and public health implications: A call to action. Health Sci Rep. 2023;6(5):e1274.


9. Brown RC, Mulligan A. ‘Maternal Request’ Caesarean Sections and Medical Necessity. Clin Ethics. 2023;18(3):312-320.


10. NICE guideline: Caesarean birth, Published: 31 March 2021. Last updated: 30 January 2024 www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng192. Accessed 13th August 2024


11. Wong J, Ho C, Scott G, Machin JT, Briggs T. Getting It Right First Time: the national survey of surgical site infection rates in NHS trusts in England.Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2019;101(7):463-471


12. Corbett GA, O’Shea E, Nazir SF, et al. Reducing Caesarean Section Surgical Site Infection (SSI) by 50%: A Collaborative Approach. J Healthc Qual. 2021;43(2):67-75.


13. UK Health Security Agency, Surveillance of surgical site infections in NHS hospitals in England April 2021 to March 2022. Published December 2022. https:// assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ media/63988bc78fa8f5530c49bf73/SSI-annual- report-2021-to-2022.pdf


14. Public Health Wales NHS Trust. Annual All Wales report on Caesarean Section Surgical Site Infection 2018, Wales.


15. Wloch C, Wilson J, Lamagni T, Harrington P, Charlett A, Sheridan E. Risk factors for surgical site infection following caesarean section in England: results from a multicentre cohort study. BJOG 2012;119:1324–1333


16. Erritty M, Hale J, Thomas J, et al. Evaluation of independent risk factors associated with surgical site infections from caesarean section. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2023;308(6):1775-1783.


17. Addley, Susan & Barclay, Rebecca & Stewart, Frances. (2016). A reduction in surgical site infection (SSI) rates after caesarean section. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 206. e12-e13. 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.07.062.


18. Zuarez-Easton S, Zafran N, Garmi G, Salim R. Postcesarean wound infection: prevalence, impact, prevention, and management challenges.Int J Womens Health. 2017;9:81-88.


19. Jeans E, Holleyman R, Tate D, Reed M, Malviya A. Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus screening and decolonisation in elective hip and knee arthroplasty. J Infect. 2018;77(5):405-409.


20. NICE Surgical Site Infections: prevention and treatment, 2019, https://www.nice.org.uk/ guidance/ng125


About the author


Sandra Quinn is the Project Lead for Surgical Site Infection Surveillance at York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. In 1991, she relocated from Ireland to Yorkshire to pursue a degree in psychology and sports. Her nursing journey began in 1996, inspired by the residents and staff at a nursing home where she worked. Upon qualifying in 1999, she started working


in the Emergency Department (ED), where she served for 17 years. During this time, she advanced to the position of Senior Nurse and trained as an Emergency Nurse Practitioner. She has trained as an Advanced Life Support instructor for both adults and children, and has trained others to become instructors through the Generic Instructor Course (GIC). In 2016, she took on the role of Resuscitation and Clinical Skills Lead – then, in March 2023, she undertook a full-time secondment as a Surgical Site Infection (SSI) lead. Her task was to examine infection rates, which subsequently led her to establish a regional group involving 14 organisations to share best practices.


21. Al Maqbali MA. Preoperative antiseptic skin preparations and reducing SSI.Br J Nurs. 2013;22(21):1227-1233.


22. Bianchi J (2012) Protecting the integrity of the periwound skin. Wounds Essentials 7(1): 58–64


23. Woo KY, Beeckman D, Chakravarthy D (2017) Management of moisture-associated skin damage: A scoping review. Adv Skin Wound Care 30(11): 494-501


24. LeBlanc K, Beeckman D, Campbell K, et al (2021) Best practice recommendations for prevention and management of periwound skin complications. Wounds International.


25. Dhoonmoon L. Necrotising fasciitis: is follow-up supported self-care an option? Journ Comm Nurs. 2024; Vol 38, No 1, 24-28


26. Dhoonmoon L, Dyer M. Improving leg ulcer care in the community. Journal of Community Nursing, vol. 34, no. 6, Dec. 2020, pp. 40


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68