Theatre efficiency
When implemented thoughtfully, they can help hospitals unlock hidden capacity and improve both staff satisfaction and patient outcomes. Lean principles also encourage
frontline staff to participate in identifying inefficiencies and proposing solutions. This approach not only leads to more practical improvements but also boosts staff engagement and morale. In the OR, this might involve redesigning workflows, reorganising supply storage, or adjusting scheduling practices to reduce downtime between procedures. Crucially, lean thinking also promotes a mindset shift — from reactive problem-solving to proactive process design. Hospitals that embed lean principles into their culture often see improvements beyond immediate surgical areas, lean thinking can also support hospital-wide improvements, including better patient flow, reduced cancellations, and more predictable resource utilisation.
2. Integrate digital tools and AI The use of digital technologies, such as electronic patient records, smart scheduling systems and AI-powered analytics, can significantly reduce the administrative burden on OR teams. These tools can streamline workflows, enhance communication and support data-driven decision-making, allowing staff to focus more on patient care. For example, AI can be used to predict surgical durations more accurately, helping to optimise theatre scheduling and reduce overruns. Digital dashboards can also provide real-time visibility into OR status, enabling better coordination between departments and reducing delays in patient transfers. Digital integration can also improve
traceability and compliance, ensuring that documentation is accurate and accessible without being time-consuming. When implemented effectively, these tools can transform the OR into a more connected and efficient environment. Hospitals that embrace digital transformation also benefit from improved transparency and accountability. Data collected through digital systems can be used to benchmark performance, identify bottlenecks and support continuous improvement initiatives. In the long term, this creates a feedback loop that drives innovation and enhances patient safety.
3. Standardise processes with built-in flexibility While every patient is unique, many surgical
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www.clinicalservicesjournal.com I July 2025 In practice, standardisation can also
reduce cognitive load for staff, allowing them to focus on critical decision-making rather than routine logistics. When teams know what to expect and where to find what they need, they can operate with greater confidence and speed – especially in high-pressure situations.
4. Prioritise staff wellbeing To alleviate strain on clinical staff, delegating non-specialist tasks to appropriate personnel will ensure they can focus on their core responsibilities. Protecting time for breaks, rest and professional development is essential for maintaining morale and preventing burnout. The report’s findings that 60% of OR nurses skip breaks and over half have considered leaving the profession are a stark reminder that staff wellbeing must be a strategic priority.3 Wellbeing initiatives might include
protected break times, access to mental health resources, flexible scheduling, and opportunities for career development. These measures not only improve retention but also contribute to a more resilient and motivated workforce. In the high-pressure environment of the OR, supporting staff wellbeing is not optional, it is essential. Furthermore, a culture that values wellbeing is more likely to attract and retain top talent. As healthcare organisations compete for skilled professionals, those that actively support staff wellbeing may find it easier to attract and retain skilled professionals.
This includes ensuring that surgical instruments and supplies are consistently organised and readily available. At the same time, flexibility must be preserved to accommodate individual patient needs and surgeon preferences. Standardisation also supports training and onboarding, making it easier for new staff members to integrate into the team. Additionally, maintaining consistent OR team composition — meaning the same staff members regularly working together — fosters better communication and collaboration. Teams that are familiar with one another develop shared routines, mutual trust and a stronger sense of coordination, all of which contribute to improved efficiency and surgical outcomes.
procedures follow predictable patterns. Standardising equipment preparation and procedural workflows can reduce preparation time and minimise the risk of errors.5
5. Enhance communication and training Structured pre- and post-operative briefings improve team coordination and provide opportunities for shared learning. These briefings allow teams to align on the day’s procedures, anticipate potential challenges and debrief on what went well or what could be improved. Ongoing training ensures that OR staff remain confident and competent in their roles, especially as new technologies and procedures are introduced. Training should be continuous and
multidisciplinary, encouraging collaboration across roles and departments. Simulation- based training, for example, can help teams rehearse complex procedures and improve their response to unexpected events. Investing in communication and training not only enhances safety and efficiency but also builds a culture of trust and accountability. In addition, fostering a psychologically
safe environment, where staff feel comfortable speaking up, asking questions
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