Technology
autonomy. By ensuring compliance with privacy regulations, implementing appropriate data governance practices, and fostering transparency, healthcare providers can build trust and ensure the ethical and responsible use of digital technology in surgery. The impacts of digital technology on the
skills, roles and responsibilities of the surgical team, as well as on the patient experience, are also a consideration when designing a modern digital operating theatre. Digital technology in surgery may require the surgical team to acquire new skills or update their existing skills to use devices or systems effectively and safely. For example, surgeons may need to learn how to use robotic surgery platforms, virtual reality simulators, or artificial intelligence tools. Clinical and other staff may need to learn
how to operate digital devices, monitor data, or troubleshoot problems. The surgical team may also need to develop new communication and collaboration skills to work with remote colleagues or patients using digital platforms. New technology in surgery may change the
roles and responsibilities of the surgical team, as well as create new roles or eliminate existing ones. Surgeons may delegate some tasks to digital devices or systems, such as planning, executing, or documenting the surgery. Clinical and other staff may take on new tasks, such as managing digital devices, providing technical support, or educating patients about digital options.
Digital technology in surgery may improve or worsen the patient experience and satisfaction, depending on how it is used and perceived by the patients. For example, digital technology may improve the patient experience and satisfaction by providing more convenience, access, choice, information, or personalisation of care. Digital technology may also reduce the patient’s pain, anxiety, complications, or recovery time. However, digital technology may also worsen the patient experience and satisfaction by creating barriers, confusion or distrust. Training is essential for both clinical users and management to ensure the safe, effective and efficient use of digital technology in the operating theatre. Training may involve different methods, such as online courses, workshops, simulations, demonstrations, mentoring or feedback. Training should cover different topics, such
as the technical features and functions of the technology, the clinical applications, data protection implications of the technology, and the best practices and guidelines for using the technology. Technology guides are useful resources
for both system designers and clinical users to provide information, instructions, tips and
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2. Berg et al. (2018). The digital operating room: towards intelligent infrastructures and processes. Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering, 4(1), 11-14.
3. Kumar et al. (2018). Interoperability in the digital health ecosystem: an overview. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 120, 73-81
4. Vora J. et al. (2018), “Ensuring Privacy and Security in E- Health Records,” 2018 International Conference on Computer, Information and Telecommunication Systems (CITS), Alsace, Colmar, France, 2018, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/CITS.2018.8440164.
troubleshooting for digital technology in the operating theatre. Technology guides may vary in level of detail, format and accessibility, depending on the target audience and purpose. The digital operating theatre is not a futuristic vision, but a reality that is already shaping the future of surgery. By embracing the potential of digital technology, we can improve the quality and efficacy of surgical care, while reducing costs and enhancing patient outcomes. The integration of digital technology in
the operating theatre has brought about transformative changes in surgical procedures, enhancing efficiency, safety, and patient outcomes. From the seamless communication and coordination among surgical teams, to the utilisation of augmented reality6
and artificial
intelligence, the potential of digital technology is vast. However, as we embrace these advancements, it is essential to address key considerations.
Conclusion Standardisation and interoperability lay the foundation for effective utilisation of digital systems, while data privacy and consent safeguard patient information and autonomy. The impacts on the skills, roles, and responsibilities of the surgical team, as well as the patient experience, must be carefully navigated. Training and technology guides play a vital role in ensuring safe and efficient adoption. By embracing the potential of digital
technology while addressing these considerations, we can drive improvements in surgical care, reduce costs, and enhance patient outcomes, ultimately shaping the future of surgery for the better.
CSJ
References 1. Baker et al. (2016). The evolution of video and imaging in surgery. Journal of Minimal Access Surgery, 12(4), 299-304.
5. Robinson JK et al. (2014) Protection of Patients’ Right to Privacy in Clinical Photographs, Video, and Detailed Case Descriptions. JAMA Dermatol. 2014; 150(1):14–16. doi:10.1001/ jamadermatol.2013.8605
6. Liu et al. (2019). Augmented reality in surgery: a survey. IEEE Access, 7, 190237-190253.
About the author
Richard McAuley is the national specification manager at Brandon Medical. He is a highly experienced system design consultant and specification author with a successful track record spanning over 25 years. With expertise in Audio Visual, ICT, and Medical Video systems, Richard has made significant contributions to projects both in the UK and internationally. His extensive experience includes designing medical Audio Visual and Control systems for renowned healthcare institutions across the UK. As a consultant and specification author, Richard excels in translating complex requirements into comprehensive and effective system designs. His attention to detail, technical expertise, and commitment to client satisfaction have earned him a reputation as a trusted professional in the industry.
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