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Infection prevention


December 2022, Prepared by: Louise Thorn, Theresa Lamagni, Pauline Harrington, Catherine Wloch, Russell Hope and Colin Brown. https://assets.publishing.service.gov. uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/ attachment_data/file/1123846/SSI-annual- report-2021-to-2022.pdf


4. Guest JF, Keating T, Gould D, et al Modelling the annual NHS costs and outcomes attributable to healthcare-associated infections in England. BMJ Open2020;10:e033367. doi: 10.1136/ bmjopen-2019-033367


5. Haque M, Sartelli M, McKimm J, Abu Bakar M. Health care-associated infections - an overview. Infect Drug Resist. 2018;11:2321-2333. Published 2018 Nov 15. doi:10.2147/IDR.S177247


6. Collins CR, Wick EC. Reflections on the Complexity of Surgical Site Infection Prevention and Detection from an Organizational Lens.Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2019;20(7):577-580. doi:10.1089/sur.2019.135


7. Jeans E, Holleyman R, Tate D, Reed M, Malviya A. Methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus screening and decolonisation in elective hip and knee arthroplasty. J Infect. 2018;77(5):405- 409. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2018.05.012


8. Tartari, E., Weterings, V., Gastmeier, P.et al. Patient engagement with surgical site infection prevention: an expert panel perspective. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 6, 45 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-017- 0202-3


9. Tanner J, Padley W, Davey S, Murphy K, Brown B. Patient narratives of surgical site infection: implications for practice. J Hosp Infect. 2013;83(1):41-45. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2012.07.025


10. Hamilton, T.W., Alvand, A., Price, A.J. (2022). Preoperative Management: Staphylococcus aureus Decolonisation. In: Longo, U.G., Budhiparama, N.C., Lustig, S., Becker, R., Espregueira-Mendes, J. (eds) Infection in Knee Replacement. Springer, Cham. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-030-81553-0_26


11. Malanovic N, Ön A, Pabst G, Zellner A, Lohner K. Octenidine: Novel insights into the detailed killing mechanism of Gram-negative bacteria at a cellular and molecular level. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;56(5):106146. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106146


12. Köck R, Denkel L, Feßler AT, et al. Clinical Evidence for the Use of Octenidine Dihydrochloride to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections and DecreaseStaphylococcus aureus Carriage or Transmission-A Review.Pathogens. 2023;12(4):612. Published 2023 Apr 18. doi:10.3390/pathogens12040612


13. NICE guideline [NG125] Surgical site infections: prevention and treatment. Published: 11 April 2019 Last updated: 19 August 2020


14. Tanner J, Gould D, Jenkins P, Hilliam R, Mistry N, Walsh S. A fresh look at preoperative body washing. J Infect Prev. 2012;13(1):11-15. doi:10.1177/1757177411428095


15. van Rijen MM, Bode LG, Baak DA, Kluytmans JA, Vos MC. Reduced costs for Staphylococcus aureus carriers treated prophylactically with mupirocin and chlorhexidine in cardiothoracic and orthopaedic surgery.PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43065


16. Pichler G, Pux C, Babeluk R, et al. MRSA prevalence rates detected in a tertiary care hospital in Austria and successful treatment of MRSA positive patients applying a decontamination regime with octenidine.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018;37(1):21-27. doi:10.1007/s10096-017-3095-4


17. Johnson R, Jameson SS, Sanders RD, et al. Reducing surgical site infection in arthroplasty of the lower limb: A multi-disciplinary approach.Bone Joint Res. 2013;2(3):58-65.


18. Everstz N, Marshall C, Richards M, Tong SYC. Decolonization to reduce Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infections after hip or knee arthroplasty. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol. 2022;2(1):e179. Published 2022 Nov 4. doi:10.1017/ash.2022.315


19. Vejzovic D, Iftic A, Ön A, Semeraro EF, Malanovic N. Octenidine’s Efficacy: A Matter of Interpretation or the Influence of Experimental Setups? Antibiotics (Basel). 2022;11(11):1665. Published 2022 Nov 19. doi:10.3390/ antibiotics11111665


20. Danilevicius M, Juzéniené A, Juzénaité- Karneckiené I, Veršinina A. MRSA decontamination using octenidine- based products. British Journal of Nursing2015 24:Sup15, S36-S40


21. Chow A et al, Intranasal octenidine and universal antiseptic bathing reduce methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence in extended care facilities. Epidemiology and


Infection, 2018, 146, 2036–2041.


22. Poovelikunnel T et al, Mupirocin resistance: clinical implications and potential alternatives for the eradication of MRSA. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70: 2681–2692


23. Meißner A, Hasenclever D, Brosteanu O, Chaberny IF. EFFECT of daily antiseptic body wash with octenidine on nosocomial primary bacteraemia and nosocomial multidrug- resistant organisms in intensive care units: design of a multicentre, cluster-randomised, double-blind, cross-over study.BMJ Open. 2017;7(11):e016251. Published 2017 Nov 8. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016251


About the author


Dr. Kayleigh Cox-Nowak received her M.Chem in biological chemistry and Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Sheffield. She subsequently spent eight years working in chemical manufacturing, starting as a research and development chemist and progressing to technical manager. In 2020 she joined Schülke & Mayr UK Ltd as technical support manager.


July 2023 I www.clinicalservicesjournal.com 35


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