BUILDING AND ENERGY CONTROL
system with supply, exhaust, and heat recovery. The ventilation system removes part of the load in the cooling season. No other mechanical cooling systems are installed.
The building is grid connected, and can also produce its own electricity through photovoltaic panels and a diesel- powered emergency generator. The pilot project also explored Model Predictive Control (MPC) – an advanced method of process control, with the ability to anticipate future events and optimise control measures accordingly. Currently in the experimental phase, model-based predictive control can be used for thermal systems (heating, ventilation, and cooling), and has several advantages, of which energy saving is the easiest to quantify. Studies achieve 15-30% savings on energy consumption of a building in simulations and practical implementations. These energy savings are achieved by having the systems operate more efficiently, and by better anticipating external factors such as the influence of weather conditions. The thermal mass of a building can be used, for example, to retain ‘free’ heat from the sun on sunny days, so that the heating can be set off a few hours earlier. MPCs can also be very flexible. For example, residual heat from one zone in the building can be actively diverted for heating another zone through underfloor heating or concrete core activation. On a larger scale, the same energy exchange could take place, in the long term, between different buildings, through a heat network.
Other benefits are improved thermal comfort and reduced wear, as well as reducing the commissioning cost of a building. Moreover, mathematical models can also be used for other purposes, such as the detection of errors, or simply for predicting the indoor temperature or energy consumption in the near future. MPC uses an internal prediction of the behaviour of the building, for the following days, facilitating optimisation. To evaluate and optimise the system,
Ter Potterie, in Bruges, Belgium uses an innovative thermal energy system.
different measurements were made and data was gathered. There are three measurement approaches: n Indoor environment (operative temperature, relative humidity, radiant temperature asymmetry, CO2
concentration, etc.)
n System operation parameters (supply and exhaust air temperatures from zones, ventilation rates, etc.)
n Energy use of the building (energy use for different building functions, and energy production, if applicable).
Supplementary sensors were calibrated in the building. This procedure was completed by Dec 2017-Jan 2018. The measurement equipment was installed in Jan-Feb 2018, and most of the measurement devices will be kept until the end of the project. This will enable the collection of measurement values for one year prior to the implementation of the MPC, and one year after implementation.
In addition to these measurements, questionnaires are being distributed to the building occupants to evaluate the
occupant satisfaction with the indoor environment. This data should provide insight into the performance of MPC. The gathered data can be remotely accessed, through a software platform, and transmitted to a server to be analysed in order to evaluate performance and further optimise the installation. Besides measurements, elderly residents living in the monitored rooms are being questioned about their thermal comfort.
At the same time, observations are being made about their clothing level, state of the windows, and the radiator, etc. These surveys were undertaken in June and October 2018, and in January, March, and August, of 2019. In 2020, questionnaires are being used in January, March, and July/August. During these months, questionnaires are being circulated two times per day (at 11:00 and 15:30), twice a week, for a duration of two weeks.
The use of Fitbits, as well as information provided by staff, will provide an insight into the daily schedule of the elderly and their whereabouts.
KEY and ASSET MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Protecting Staff,
RFID Fobs can be subm erged into antibacterial sol ution after use to protect against viruses
Patients and Assets
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August 2020 Health Estate Journal 19
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